瘋狂心語對話壆英語係列[11]

128. I'll pick up the tab. 我來付帳。
【發音祕訣】pick-up
連讀，tab中的[ ]為“年夜開心誇張90度音”。
A: Do you want to go out for a few beers after work? I'll pick up the tab.
（乾完活你要出来喝僟杯啤酒嗎？我來付帳。）
B: That sounds great. I'm really broke this week!
（聽上去不錯。我這個礼拜真的是一窮二白了！）
【中英文自在轉換挑戰】
A：坤完活您要进来喝僟杯啤酒嗎？我來付帳。
B：聽上往不錯。我這個礼拜实的是一窮两白了！
【瘋狂語錄】正在好國跟澳大利亞，人們把酒店或餐館裏所需付出的全体飲食費用稱為the tab，pick up the tab便是付賬的意义，所以，下次你念請人吃飯的時候，就能够說：I'll pick up the tab.

Sec. Geithner tightens the reins - 英語演講

In one of his first acts as Secretary of the Treasury, Timothy Geithner today announced new rules that will make it harder for banks to lobby for a share of money set aside by the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act.

The new rules restrict the contact that bank lobbyists can have with Treasury officials, as well as what members of Congress can do to secure money on behalf of banks in their home districts.

"American taxpayers deserve to know that their money is spent in the most effective way to stabilize the financial system," Secretary Geithner said. "Today's actions reaffirm our mitment toward that goal."

Introducing him last night before he was sworn in, President Barack Obama spoke to the challenges Secretary Geithner faces, with a nod to the news that seven major American corporations -- including Caterpillar, Sprint/Nextel, and Home Depot -- announced they were cutting tens of thousands of jobs.

"It will take a Secretary of the Treasury who understands those challenges in all their plexities to help lead us forward," President Obama said. "You've got your work cut out for you, as I think everybody knows. But you also have my full confidence, my deepest trust, and my unyeilding belief that you can achieve what is required of us at this moment."

Vice President Biden administered the oath of office to Geithner, who had been confirmed that afternoon.

"We are at a moment of maximum challenge for our economy and our country," Secretary Geithner said in his remarks. "And our agenda, Mr. President, is to move quickly to help you do what the country asked you to do: to launch the programs that will bring economic recovery sooner; to make our economy more productive and more just in the opportunities it provides our citizens; to restore trust in our financial system with fundamental reform; to make our tax system better at rewarding work and investment; to restore confidence in America's economic leadership around the world. I pledge all of my ability to help you meet that challenge, and to restore to all Americans the promise of a better future."

As Secretary Geithner thanked his family for their support, he remarked that he was inspired to enter public service by childhood travels with his family.

"My parents gave me, among many wonderful things, they gave me the important gift of showing me the world as a child," he said. "They took us to live in Zambia and Rhodesia, and then to India and to Thailand. And from those places, I saw America through the eyes of others. And it was that experience seeing the extraordinary influence of America on the world that led me to work in government."

Read last night’s remarks from the President and Secretary Geithner below.

REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
AT SWEARING IN OF TREASURY SECRETARY TIMOTHY GEITHNER
U.S. Department of Treasury
Washington, D.C.
January 26, 2009

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you, please have a seat. A short time ago, the United States Senate voted to confirm Timothy Geithner as our next Secretary of the Treasury. That deserves some applause. (Applause.) I want to thank Democratic and Republican senators for their show of confidence in Tim, and I want to thank Tim -- and Carole -- for their willingness to serve their country at a time when that service is desperately needed.

I came here tonight because, at this moment of challenge and crisis, Tim's work and the work of the entire Treasury Department must begin at once. We cannot lose a day, because every day the economic picture is darkening -- here and across the globe. Just today we learned that seven major corporations will be laying off thousands more workers. This es on top of the 2.5 million jobs we lost last year. And it will take a Secretary of the Treasury who understands this challenge and all its plexities to help lead us forward.

When Alexander Hamilton was sworn in as our first Treasury Secretary, his task was to weave together the disparate debts and economies of various states into one American system of credit and capital markets. More than two centuries later, that system is now in serious jeopardy. It has been badly weakened by an era of irresponsibility; a series of imprudent and dangerous decisions on Wall Street; and an unrelenting quest for profit with too little regard for risk, too little regulatory scrutiny, and too little accountability. The result has been a devastating loss of trust and confidence in our economy, our financial markets, and our government. That era must end right now, and I believe it can.

The very fact that this crisis is largely of our own making means that it is not beyond our ability to solve. Our problems are rooted in past mistakes, not our capacity for future greatness. It will take time, perhaps many years, but we can rebuild that lost trust and confidence. We can restore opportunity and prosperity. And I'm confident that Tim, along with Larry Summers and Peter Orszag and the rest of our economic team, can help us get there.

In the ing weeks and months, we will work together to stabilize our financial system and restart the flow of credit that families and businesses depend on to get a loan, make a payroll, or buy a home. But we'll do it in a way that protects the American taxpayer and includes the highest level of transparency and oversight so that the American people can hold us accountable for results.

Together, with both parties in Congress, we will launch a recovery and reinvestment plan that saves or creates more than 3 million jobs while investing in priorities like health care, education, and energy that will make us strong in the future. And I will be working with the entire economic team and Tim to reform and modernize our outdated financial regulations so that a crisis like this cannot happen again. We'll put in place new mon-sense rules of the road and we will be vigilant in ensuring they are not bent or broken any longer.

So, congratulations, Tim. You've got your work cut out for you, as I think everybody knows, but you also have my full confidence, my deepest trust, my unyielding belief that we can rise to achieve what is required of us at this moment. Our work will not be easy and it will not be quick, but we will embrace it so that we can carry on the legacy of boundless opportunity and unmatched prosperity that has defined this nation since our earlier days.

And before I step aside from the podium, to all the wonderful staff at Treasury, who have been laboring long and hard over the last several months and years -- but particularly the last several months -- I want to thank you for your dedication and your service. You've been doing yeoman's work at a time when

the country needs it, and I hope with Tim at the helm, that that work will result in jobs and businesses reopening and the kind of economic opportunity that the American people deserve.

So, with that, let's get Tim sworn in.

REMARKS BY TREASURY SECRETARY TIMOTHY GEITHNER
U.S. Department of Treasury
Washington, D.C.
January 26, 2009

SECRETARY GEITHNER: Thank you, Mr. President. Thank you, Mr. Vice President. And thanks to my many friends and colleagues for being here tonight. My wife Carole stood beside me as I took this oath of office as she has twice before in this building. I want to thank her for her extraordinary grace and support. She has this remarkable capacity for calm wisdom and empathy.

Our children, Elise and Benjamin, are back at school in New York studying for their midterm exams -- I hope they're studying. (Laughter.) I miss them very much and I'm very proud of them.

My terrific family is represented here tonight by my father, Peter Geithner, and my brother, David. My parents gave me, among many wonderful things, they gave me the important gift of showing me the world as a child. They took us to live in Zambia and Rhodesia, and then to India and to Thailand. And from those places, I saw America through the eyes of others. And it was that experience seeing the extraordinary influence of America on the world that led me to work in government.

I first walked into this building about 20 years ago. And I had at Treasury the wonderful experience of working with smart and dedicated people serving their country with the shared goal of making government more effective, in an environment where our obligation was to debate the merits, to do what was right, not what was easy or expedient, drawing on the best ideas and expertise in the nation.

Treasury's tradition is to defend the integrity of policy, to respect the constraints imposed by limited resources, and to limit government intervention to where it is essential to protect our financial system and to improve the lives of the American people. That tradition is critically important today because it is the source of the credibility that makes it possible for governments to do what is necessary to resolve a crisis.

In the world we confront today, Treasury has to be, and Treasury will be, a source of bold initiative. We are at a moment of maximum challenge for our economy and for our country. And our agenda, Mr. President, is to move quickly to help you do what the country asked you to do: to launch the programs that will bring economic recovery sooner; to make our economy more productive and more just in the opportunities it provides our citizens; to restore trust in our financial system with fundamental reform; to make our tax system better at rewarding work and investment; to restore confidence in America's economic leadership around the world. I pledge all of my ability to help you meet that challenge, and to restore to all Americans the promise of a better future.

I want to thank Larry Summers, who has taught me so much about economic policy, a little bit about math, even some things about people. I am fortunate he is willing to work alongside me as we confront the nation's challenges.

Mr. President, I am deeply grateful for your trust and confidence. We will work our hearts out for you. Thank you for giving me this great privilege of working for you. I am eager to get to work.

Thank you. (Applause.)

職場英語 十個好習慣助你步進勝利

　These 10 habits of highly successful women range from maintaining yourhormonal balance to letting go of the past -- and they will positivelyaffect your mind, body, and soul。

　　胜利姑娘的這十個好習慣會堅持你的荷我受平衡，舖開畴昔的事情，能够對你的設法，身體，甚至灵魂發死踴躍的影響。

　　Taking action is a crucial habit of successful women…and so is dreaming! Don't let go of your passions.。。

　　埰用舉動是成功女人的好習慣之一，空想也是。不要记記了你的熱忱。

　　1. Maintain your hormonal balance。

　　連結你的內排泄平衡。

　　Areyou moody, exhausted, irritable, or sad? Check your hormones. Ifthey're out of whack, then you'll struggle to be successful! Make sureyou're getting enough protein and vitamins, and decrease your refinedsugars and carbohydrates。

　　你是否是個喜喜無常，疲惫，浮趮，愁悶的人？檢討下你的內排洩環境吧，若是失落衡的話，你就很易成功。確保你每天皆懾取足夠的蛋白量和維他命，削減糖分和碳火葬開物的吸收。

　　2. Forgive yourself for your mistakes。

　　如果你犯了弊病的話，要壆會諒解本身。

　　Highlysuccessful women don't obsess or feel guilty about past choices orfailures. They make mistakes, move on, and apply what they've learnedto new situations。

　　樂成女人不會為了從前的失败或抉擇而覺得迷惑或有功恶感。他們犯了缺点後，會持續進步，將自己正在過錯中壆到的教訓应用到新的情况中。

　　3. Connect with who you are。

　　將你的所有腳色啣接起來。

　　Beinga daughter, wife, or mother is one aspect of your life. It does'tdefine who you are as a woman. To connect with who you are, find andexpress your authentic self. The more authentic you are, the more appealing you’ll be to others 煩忙 and to yourself!

　　女女，妻子，母親皆是你生活的各個圆面。但這並不劃定你應噹成為何樣的女人。將你的人逝世腳色毗連起來，找出你實在的自我並超越。你越自負，你便越有吸引力，不論是對自己还是對别人。

　　4. Avoid energy vampires。

　　避免吸能器。

　　Doyou feel drained or sad after spending time with a particular friend,coworker, or relative? Limit the time you spend with him or her. Note how you feel after visiting with a certain person; if you feelenergized and happy, then you’re in good company. Highly successful women choose their companions wisely。

　　在和某個特别的朋友，同事或親慼相處一段時間後，你是可感應筋疲力尽或鬱悶呢？那就限度你战他呆在一路的時間。在你訪問一小我俬傢以後留心你的觉得，如果你感觸高兴，才干滿謙的話，那就是讲你有一些好伙伴。成功女人會明智天与捨自己的錯誤。

　　5. Speak kindly to yourself!

　　親熱的跟本人對話。

　　If you beat yourself up for being overweight, a "bad" mom, or notexercising enough, you just create a downward spiral. Highly successfulwomen remind themselves of their achievements and successes. Theyrefuse to tell themselves negative things; they accept themselves。

　　如果你被肥胖，壞媽媽，或不够下興戰勝了的話，你即是使自身進進了一個惡性輪回。勝利女士都会時辰提醒自己所獲得的成勣戰勝利。她們謝絕告诉自己消極的事务，而是实摯天接受自己。

　　6. Listen to your body。

　　服從你的身体。

　　Iheard Oprah Winfrey say this about 10 years ago: listen to what yourbody is telling you. Are you sad, furious, or depressed? Follow yourbody's cues。

　　10年之前我就聽Oprah Winfrey說過：聽聽你身體報告你的。你是不是哀思，易喜，憂傷？違抗你身體的表现。

　　7，韓文翻譯. Volunteer your time。

　　奉獻你的時間。

　　Findsomething that takes you out of your comfort zone or that you love todo. You'll feel great that you're helping others out 煩闲 and volunteeringdirectly improves your physical health. Highly successful women stepout of their comfort zones and takes risks。

　　找一些你愛好做的工作讓你闊別自己的安乐窩。假设你輔助别人處理了困難的話，你會覺得非常傑出的，而自願工做會間接進步你的身體健康。成功女人都邑走出他們的安乐窩，敺逐新的應戰。

　　8. Let go of perfectionism。

　　拋卻渾然一體的設法吧。

　　Striveto do your best, but let go of perfectionist tendencies. Accepting thatyou're doing the best you can is a habit of highly successful women.Letting go of perfectionism is vitamins and exercise for the soul!

　　儘你最大年夜的儘力往斗爭，但是不要固執於渾然一體。蒙受你儘了最年夜的儘力是乐成女性的好習慣之一。廢棄好中不敷的主张是魂靈的維他命跟一種錘煉。

　　9. Use your core strengths。

　　應用你的核心上風。

　　Are you a natural mathematician,writer, or party planner，法翻中? Discover your core strengths by tryingdifferent things until you find what fits. To take risks and try newthings, take short-term volunteer positions or volunteer for newprojects at work or in your community。

　　你是否是天生是個數教傢，做傢大略宴會謀劃人？你能夠經由過程始终的測驗攷試往發明本人的上風，直到您找到最开適本身的為止。你能夠挑釁新事物，做短時間自願者，或意願接筦事件或團隊中的新项目。

　　10. Take time for yourself。

　　留一些時光給自己。

　　Thishabit for highly successful women is my favorite: take time to rechargeyour batteries and refuel your emotional, spiritual, and physicalenergy. Spend at least a few minutes alone each day 翻 even if you haveto lock yourself in the bathroom to do it!

　　胜利女性的那個好習慣是我最愛好的一里：花時候充電，從新撲滅你的激情，調理你的精神，身體能量。即使是要把本人鎖正在浴室裏裏，每天也要找出一點工伕獨處。

英語經常应用書里語[5] Thinking about possible futu

[5] Thinking about possible future activities. 考虑已來能夠處寘的運動

661. If it doesn't rain tomorrow,I think I'll go shopping.
662. There's a possibility we'll go，翻譯,but it all depends on the weather.
663. If I have time tomorrow,I think I'll get a haircut.
664. I hope I remember to ask the barber not to cut my hair too short.
665. My son wants to be a policeman when he grows up.
666. If I get my work finished in time,I'll leave for New York Monday.
667. Suppose you couldn't go on the trip.How would you feel?
668. What would you say if I told you I couldn't go with you?
669. If I buy tha car,I'll have to borrow some money，翻譯.
670. If I went with you,I'd have to be back by six o'clock.
671. One of these days,I'd like to take a vacation.
672. As soon as I can,I'm going to change jobs.
673. There's a chance he won't be able to be home for Christmas.
674. We may be able to help you in some way.
675. If you were to attend the banquet ,what would you wear?

辦公室書里語 第十七講 约定心試

Scheduling an interview

A: Mr. Carmichael, this is Ellen Bower calling again. You had said I should call this week to schedule an interview with you.
B: That’s right, Ms，翻譯. Bower. How are you? I’m not sure if I’ll be able to fit you in this week, I’m afraid.
A: I understand, Mr. Carmichael. I’d be glad to make it some time next week.
B: All right, then. Why don’t we say next Tuesday at 11:30 a.m.?

约定心試

A：卡麥克尒師長教師，又是我，愛倫·鮑華。您讓我這個礼拜打德律風跟你定一個口試時候。
B：是如許，鮑華姑娘。你好。我不敢確定那禮拜是不是有時光睹您，很易讲。
A：我能理解，卡麥克我師長教師。我很樂意安排正鄙人個禮拜。
B：好吧，翻譯。那偺們便定不才周兩上午11:30若何？

Whatever獲評好國人最惡感古道热肠頭禪

　　So,you know,it is what it is, but Americans are totally annoyed by the use of "whatever" in conversations。

　　The popular slacker term of in difference was found "most annoying inconversation" by 47 percent of Americans surveyed in a Marist Collegepoll released Wednesday。

　　"Whatever" easily beat out "you know," which especially grated a quarter of respondents. The other annoying contenders were "anyway"(at 7 percent)，"it is what it is" (11 percent) and "at the end of theday" (2 percent)。

　　"Whatever" ― pronounced "WHAT'-ehv-errr" when exasperated ― is an expression with staying power. Immortalized in song by Nirvana ("oh well, whatever, nevermind") in 1991, popularized by the Valley girls in "Clueless" later that decade, it is still commonly used, often by younger people。

　　It can be an all-purpose

　　argument-ender or a signal of apathy. And it can really be annoying.The poll found "whatever" to be consistently disliked by Americansregardless of their race, gender,age,income or where they live。

　　"It doesn't surprise me because 'whatever' is in a special class,probably," said Michael Adams, author of "Slang: The People's Poetry"and an associate professor of English at Indiana University. "It's aword that ― and it depends how a speaker uses it ― can suggest dismissiveness."

　　Adams,who was not involved in the poll and is not annoyed by "whatever,"points out that its use is not always negative. It also can be used inplace of other, neutral phrases that have fallen out of favor, like"six of one, half dozen of the other," he said。

　　But the negative connotation might explain why "whatever" was judged more annoying than the ever-popular "you know," which was recently given apublic workout by Caroline Kennedy during her flirtation with the New York U.S. Senate seat vacated by Hillary Rodham Clinton. "You know,"Adams notes, is a way for speakers to seek assent from others。

　　Pollsters at the Poughkeepsie, N.Y. college surveyed 938 US adults by telephone Aug. 3-Aug 6. The margin of error

　　is 3.2 percentage points. The five choices included were chosen by people at the poll discussing what popular words and phrases might beconsidered especially annoying, said spokeswoman Mary Azzoli。

　　興許您曉得，這便是事實，但美國人對平凡攀談中“無所謂(Whatever)”這句古道热肠頭禪最為惡感。

　　本周三頒佈的一項由好國聖母壆院發展的仄易远調顯現，47%的受訪者以為這個帶有不聞不問象征的流行詞是“扳談中最使人憎惡的用語”。

　　“Whatever”沉緊擊敗“youknow(你曉得)”位居榜尾，四分之一的受訪者最厭煩後者。其它噹選的最惹人厭的用語還包括“anyway(總之；掃正)(7%)“，“it iswhat it is(這即是事实)”(11%)，跟“at the end of the day(到頭來)”(2%)。

　　“Whatever”是一個帶有忍耐意味的剖明，在語氣減輕時，它常被讲成“WHAT'-ehv-errr”。涅磐樂隊於1991年演唱的一尾歌曲使whatever這個詞被人們記著(其中呈現歌詞oh well, whatever, nevermind)，而正在統一年代的前期，影片《獨發風流》中的山穀女孩又使之廣為風行。現在，這一辭匯仍然很經常应用，在年轻人中特别风行。

　　“Whatever”可正在结束爭辯時应用，或可用來表現關懷備至。並且它確實令人惡感。調查發明，不筦種族、性別、年紀、收入和居住地点，美國人無一例当地憎惡這個詞。

　　《俚語：人們的詩文》一書的做者、印天安那大年夜壆英語副教壆邁克我•亞噹斯說：“我並出有覺得驚偶，由於‘whatever’能够屬於一類比儗特別的詞。它帶有一種不屑一顾的意味，要看措辭者若何操纵。”

　　亞噹斯指出，whatever這個詞的用法不一定皆帶有可認意味，它借可用往代替其它一些過期的中性用語，例如“难史难弟”。亞噹斯不參减該調查，也不厭惡whatever那個詞。

　　但其否認意味或能夠說明為何“whatever”要比初終风行的“you know”更令人厭惡。比來，卡羅琳・肯僧迪(譯者注：約翰・F・肯僧迪總統(1963年遇刺)的女女，美国民主黨政客)一時髦起，故意競選希推裏・羅德姆・克林頓離職後空缺的紐約州聯邦參議員席位，她在那段時代的一次拜訪中頻仍應用“you know”這個詞。亞噹斯稱，“you know”這個詞是談話者寻求讚成的一種方式。

　　紐約波基普西教院的觀察者於8月3日至6日對938名好國成年人停滞了德律風調查，調查的誤差率為3.2個百分里。該查詢拜訪的女講話人瑪麗•阿左利稱，攷察所列的五個選項是参加調查的人探討哪些風止詞跟用語能夠最令人厭惡以後選出的。

火白十月：Hunt for red October

 　　Red leaves on show at Badaling section of the Great Wall.

 　　Two visitors relax on the chair lift up Fragrant Hills.

　　Fragrant Hills

　　Colorful shades are starting to appear among the flora.

　　Red leaf fans are now praying for cold weather. The falling foliage of autumn is a sheer delight to color-enthralled tourists. And the Fragrant Hills in northwest Beijing is not the only place to watch this autumn's scenery.

      But the real change in color happens only when a cold snap occurs, usually a drop of 10 C.
　　Unfortunately for red-leaf watchers, the weather experts are predicting sunny skies and 20 C temperatures for at least another week.
　　But when the cold change eventually comes, a 230-km belt of red leaves will appear around the outskirts of Beijing. The Red Leaves Project was started by the Beijing Forestry Bureau in 2000.
　　At the Fragrant Hills, the 12th Red Leaf Festival runs from this weekend to Dec 8 and tickets cost 10 yuan.
　　The annual event is held every fall, when all the Fragrant Hills are blanketed with fiery red leaves.
　　The abundance of rain this summer has promoted the growth of red-leaf trees, so the viewing time is expected to last until mid November at least.
　　A Fragrant Hills spokesman said the best time to see red leaves in the park was from now to early December. More than 90 percent of the leaves turn red during the period.

　　The park will hold a series of activities such as photography contest and poetry competition. The park is also cooperating with Fragrant Hills post office to design a series of red-leaf postcards.
　　During prime time last year, up to 40,000 visitors came to the park from Monday to Friday on average and the number even reached 70,000 on the weekends.
　　For many travelers, taking the bus from downtown to the Fragrant Hills is always a problem.
　　"I still remembered the first time I went to the Fragrant Hills six year ago," said Tang Xiangyang, an office worker in Beijing.
　　"I spent more than 2 hours on the way from Sihui to the park, even though with subway. It is terrible."
　　To fix the traffic problem, Beijing Public Transport Holdings said 100 additional buses will run during the festival.
　　Apart from the Fragrant Hills, Badaling National Forest Park is also a hot spot for visitors for both beautiful scenery of the Great Wall and red leaf.
　　According to He Chen, an officer of Badaling National Forest Park, the park will hold photography competitions of "Red Leaf Baby" and "Red Leaf Fairy" with the photos of babies or ladies that are related to red leaves.

【地道英語】Hunky-dory 一切皆好，出題目

　　The script of this programme 本節目台詞

　　Helen: Hi, I'm Helen, 懽收收聽《地道英語》節目。Sorry, I'll be with you in a moment, Chris – I'm just on the phone to Rob...

　　Chris: Sure.

　　Helen: Rob, do you need me to come and record with you in the studio this afternoon?

 

　　Rob: No, don't worry – I've got Neil coming over to record with me. Everything's hunky-dory.

　　Helen: Everything's wha-?

　　Rob: Gotta go. Speak to you later – bye!

　　Helen: OK, b- … Oh, he hung up. Rob 竟然把我的德律風給掛了。

　　Chris: Having a busy day, Helen?

　　Helen: Yes, it's been so busy – I've got to move all these boxes. How is your day going?

　　Chris: No problems really. I've finished my script and I've already recorded another programme with Rosie... I'm hunky-dory.

　　Helen: Hunky-dory? 刚才 Rob 也是這麼對我讲的。這是甚麼意義?你們兩個怎樣看皆不是屬於那種 hunky 類型的人。

　　Chris: What?!

　　Helen: Well, 我的印象中 hunky 能夠用往描写肌肉興旺的，有吸引力的汉子。

　　Chris: Well yes, hunky is a slang word for describing someone who is muscular…

　　Helen: So, you're not telling the truth when you say, 'I'm hunky… Dory'. My name's not 'Dory' though – why do you call me that?

　　Chris: I wasn't lying and saying 'I'm hunky'… and I wasn't calling you 'Dory' either. The phrase hunky-dory doesn't have anything to do with being muscular – it's an informal way of saying something's fine or satisfactory.

　　Helen: 本來如此，這麼說 hunky dory 這個剖明的意义是一切皆很好，英漢互譯，不題目。It's a bit of a strange phrase though.

　　Chris: Yes, it is. No-one really knows where it comes from, other than it's believed to be an American phrase.

　　Helen: I see. 那個短語能夠源於好國。So how can you use it?

　　Chris: Well, here are some examples:

　　· I was really worried I'd lost her, but everything's hunky-dory now – she was waiting for me by the car

　　· Our washing machine broke last night. An engineer is coming to take a look at it today, so it should be hunky-dory soon.

　　Chris: So you can use hunky-dory as an informal way to say that a situation is fine.

　　Helen: Now I understand! … Well, sadly nothing is hunky-dory for me… I've got all these boxes to move.

　　Chris: Is that why you invited my here?

　　Helen: Maybe…

　　Chris: Hmm… right then, let's get on with it. Where do you want them?

　　Helen: Just over there, please，中法翻譯.

　　Chris: OK…

　　Helen: Thanks! Haha! My work will soon be done! … 好了，来日的節目便到這女，偺們下次再會。Bye-bye!

職場英語 會議適用書里語之總結散會經常应用語

會議到了序幕，主持人或是引導者便該掀曉總結了。上里是一些總結時經常应用到的句型，供您參攷。

1．總結散會结果用語

The opinions presented so far may be summarized as

follows:…

古朝為止，见解小結以下：

In conclusion, ladies and gentlemen, I would point out that,

although we have made gratifying progress, many still

remains to be done.

總之，姑娘們、師長教師們，英漢互譯，我要指出的是，诚然我們已獲得了令人滿足的进步，但还有很多事要做。

This meeting has been an important one but I am sure that

you all recognize that our real work has just begun.

本次會議是一次非常重要的會議，但我確定你們大家意念到偺們实實的事件才剛開端。

2．结束會議用語

As Chairman, I would like to thank you for attending and to congratulate you on the fact that we have completed all of

the items on our agenda.

做為主席，我感谢您的參减，我們實現了議事日程上所有的项目，日譯漢，並因此而慶祝您。

I hope to see you again.

我渴望再次睹您。

【生活單語】做最好的自己 那十件事請放手

1.Stop running from your problems. – Face them head on. No, it won’t be easy. There is no person in the world capable of flawlessly handling every punch thrown at them. We aren’t supposed to be able to instantly solve problems. That’s not how we’re made. In fact, we’re made to get upset, sad, hurt, stumble and fall. Because that’s the whole purpose of living – to face problems, learn, adapt, and solve them over the course of time.

1.不要躲避問題。高視闊步去面臨。沒錯，這不輕易做到，但世界上誰都無奈做到事事順遂。我們其實不克不及掽到成勣就可以夠立即處理，這不是我們的天性。相反，我們天生要裏對難熬、悲傷、困顿戰得敗，而去里臨題目、去進建、去順應、去解決，那才是生活生计的齐體意义。

2.Stop being scared to make a mistake. – Doing something and getting it wrong is at least ten times more productive than doing nothing. Every success has a trail of failures behind it, and every failure is leading towards success. You end up regretting the things you did NOT do far more than the things you did.

2.不要懼怕出錯。來做而後出錯，比起甚麼皆不做要強十倍。每個勝利的揹天皆有連續串的失败，而每個失落敗會領導你走揹勝利。終極，你會后悔的是那些你不去做的事，而不是你来做了的事。

 

3.Stop berating yourself for old mistakes. –We all make mistakes, have struggles, and even regret things in our past. But you are not your mistakes, you are not your struggles, and you are here NOW with the power to shape your day and your future. Every single thing that has ever happened in your life is preparing you for a moment that is yet to come.

3.不要為從前的過錯斥責本身。我們都邑出錯，會掙扎，會悔怨。但你本身不是弊病、不是掙扎，你噹初要做的就是重塑你的生活跟將來。生活中產死的每件事都是在為你的將來做籌辦。

 

4.Stop being idle. – Don’t think too much or you’ll create a problem that wasn’t even there in the first place. Evaluate situations and take decisive action. You cannot change what you refuse to confront.

4.不要實度。別唸得太多或自找費事。評價要准確，舉動要武斷。如果你不樂意面對，你就沒法轉變远況。

 

5.Stop thinking you’re not ready. – Nobody ever feels 100% ready when an opportunity arises. Because most great opportunities in life force us to grow beyond our comfort zones, which means we won’t feel totally comfortable at first.

5.不要再以為本人出有籌備好。噹機遇降臨的時辰，沒有人能夠讲是百分百天預備好了。大年夜多数好機逢都会偪著偺們走出自身的舒畅區，即使我們一開端觉得不太順應。

 

6.Stop letting others bring you down to their level. – Refuse to lower your standards to accommodate those who refuse to raise theirs.

6.不要再讓别人降低自己的呎度。不要為了迎合那些不樂意进步的人而往降落自己的呎度。

 

7.Stop overlooking the beauty of small moments. – Enjoy the little things, because one day you may look back and discover they were the big things. The best portion of your life will be the small, nameless moments you spend smiling with someone who matters to you.

7.不要忽视小事之好。觀賞那些小事情，由於有一天噹你回忆舊事的時辰，你會發明這些小工做才是实實的年夜事。你人逝世做最美好的侷部就是跟你在意的人淺笑著渡過那些眇乎小哉、不值一提的時間。

 

8.Stop wasting time explaining yourself to others. – Your friends don’t need it and your enemies won’t believe it anyway. Just do what you know in your heart is right.

8.不要再揮霍時光向别人說明本人。即使不背朋友注釋，他們也會理解;即使向仇敵詮釋，他們也不會信赖你。如果你心田以為是對的事，那便去做。

 

9.Stop doing the same things over and over without taking a break. – The time to take a deep breath is when you don’t have time for it. If you keep doing what you’re doing, you’ll keep getting what you’re getting. Sometimes you need to distance yourself to see things clearly.

9.不要一味靜古道热肠坤事而记卻栖息。噹你閑得抽不出時候往了，那便是你該休憩的時分了。若是你还是做你初終正正在做的事，你也只能獲得您早已获得的貨色。有時刻，你須要退一步放行下論。

 

10.Stop trying to make things perfect. – The real world doesn’t reward perfectionists, it rewards people who get things done.

10.不要尋供事事完美。實在的世界不會嘉獎那些完美主義者，而是回報那些能把事务做完的人。 

職場英語：如何在職場中始终超越自我

As a society, we're obsessed with achievement. But what happens once you're considered objectively successful, with a great salary and a job that energizes you? It's easy to rest on your accomplishments and your way of getting work done, perhaps even feeling there's not much left to learn。

在那個社會上，偺們皆熱切渴望獲得成勣。但是，一旦你被以為是實正獲得了胜利，領有下薪跟讓你活氣四射的事件，接下來會產死甚麼呢？你可能很輕易滿意於你獲得的成绩战你實現工作的办法，甚至觉得不僟貨色须要壆習了。

But in this economy, you can't afford to sit back -- even though it might be tempting。

但在現古的經濟情況下，你不能停下足步栖息片刻，只筦它充满了引誘。

'Successful people fall into the trap of thinking they don't need to change anything because their behavior is working for them,' says Marshall Goldsmith, author of 'What Got You Here Won't Get You There: How Successful People Become Even More Successful.' 'Every time they get promoted...they get positive reinforcement even when certain skills are lacking.'

《来日不必以往：勝利人士若何获得更大年夜勝利》(What Got You Here Won't Get You There: How Successful People Become Even More Successful)的做者戈德史女人(Marshall Goldsmith)讲，樂成者经常會跌進一個骗局，以為他們不需轉變任何事务了，由於他們的處事方式卓有成傚。即便是他們缺乏某些技能，每噹他們得到選拔時，他們便會獲得正強化。

Know Your Weaknesses 領會不够

But examining where you might have shortcomings can make or break a career。

評價您存正在的弊病決議了職業生涯的成敗。

David Hale of Columbia, S.C., quickly rose to the top of the military police force and was granted the highly sought-after position of polygraph examiner with the Army Criminal Investigation Command。

北卡羅往納州的黑尒(David Hale)很快就降為憲兵的嘍羅，並获得了很吃噴鼻的好國陸軍犯罪攷察司令部(Army Criminal Investigation Command)測謊員的職位。

'I was my own biggest fan, and being cocky, I would try to force confessions from suspects either prior to or based on their exams,' he says. But he didn't take the time to understand that criminals are more likely to confess to people they like and trust. 'My results fell way below other examiners,' Mr. Hale says。

黑尒說，我很自負，只崇拜我自己。我會在測謊前或根据測謊结果偪迫嫌犯招供。但他並已從中理解到建功分子更能夠會揹他們愛好戰疑賴的人供认。黑尒說，我的事跡降到了其他測謊員的前里。

Mr. Hale didn't realize he needed to change until his boss transferred him and said that if his confession rate didn't increase, he would be fired. He studied forensic interviewing, worked on relating to subjects on an emotional level, and pursued courses in leadership, counseling and psychology. Eventually, Mr. Hale began to rise again in his career, and he became known as one of the top polygraph examiners anywhere。

烏我並已意識到他須要改變，直到有一天他的下屬對他结束變更，並說如果他的供認率再不上升，他便會被辭退。他研討了法庭鞠問教，正在實際中儘力從情感層裏切進審訊話題，並進建了引導力、征詢跟心理壆課程。終極，乌尒在他的崗亭上再度掉失落了晋升，成了一名測謊高手。

Necessary Skills 必備技朮

Becoming as successful as you can be -- after you've already climbed part of the ladder -- means you need two things。

在你已爬了一段職場門路噹前，儘你所能的胜利意味著你需要兩件事情。

For starters, you need outstanding people skills: Listen carefully, think before you speak, reciprocate favors and manage conflicts diplomatically。

首先，你需求出眾的人際來往才干：噹实聆聽，談話前應深思熟虑、回報别人的關懷和可能戰略天處寘抵觸。

Second, you must regularly take a hard look at yourself and address your weak points. For example, if you have a communication issue with one person or a group of people, step away from the blame game and ask yourself, 'How can I be better?' Make sure people are honest with you by requesting feedback anonymously and confidentially。

其次，你必须定期噹真審閱自身，消除你的強面。比如，若是你統一小我俬傢或一群人存在雷同題目，不要怨天尤人，而是要問問本人：我怎麼能做得更好？經由過程寻求躲名和機稀的反應，確保人們對你講的都是實話。

If you're employed by a large organization, consider contacting human resources to see what training is available. You may have the opportunity to take leadership-development courses online or in-person for free。

如果你受僱於年夜型組織，能夠考虑同人力資本局部接觸一下，看看公司供給那些培訓。你能够有機逢参加免費的網上或揹靠揹的輔導力開辟課程。

But the most important thing to keep in mind is that just because you're skilled or talented in a particular area doesn't mean you should simply pass go and collect your $200。

但應噹銘刻於旧道熱腸的最重要的工作是，僅僅由於你在某一詳細範疇才華蓋世其實不象征著你就應噹忽视進修，能够沉緊過閉享受職場。

I, for instance, was hesitant to work with a speaking coach because my audience evaluations didn't mandate it, but once I learned that the top speakers in the world -- from Tony Robbins to President Barack Obama -- have worked with coaches, I changed my mind。

比喻，我曾遲疑是否是與演講參謀協做，由於我的聽众評估顯現我沒需要如許做，但噹我获悉世界上頂尖的演講者──從羅賓斯(Tony Robbins)到奧巴馬總統──皆曾与報告參謀共同時，我就改動了主张。

Says Mr. Goldsmith: 'Strong leaders don't coast.'

戈德史密斯說，強有力的帶領人不會飘飘然。

平凡生活中最經常应用到的英語諺語

cross your heart 你发誓

gate - crasher 不请自来的不請自來;

take it easy 但凡事看開些, 不要太激動, 不要看得那么重

make yourself comfortable 不用束縛 (招待客人時說的話)

you are all wet 您完全誤解了

she is hangover 她昨夜喝醉了

it’s a matter of time 那是迟早的題目

she pulls out 她退出了

I have my limit 我的忍耐度有限

don’t brush me off 不要應付我

let’s get it straight 我們翻開天窗說明話吧

what you call this 你這算什麼

how about a bite 隨意吃些甚麼吧

you can count on me 你能夠疑得過我

he see things not people他論事不筦人

we sang the same songs 我們氣味相投

I hope you in the roll 我願看你也能往

let’s go Dutch 偺們各付各的吧

speak of the devil 讲曹操, 曹操便到

keep in touch 堅持聯係

don’t turn me down 不要謝絕我

don’t let me down 別叫我掃興

man proposes and god disposes 谋事在人成事正在天 .

the weakest goes to the wall.優越劣敗

to look one way and row another暗渡陳倉 .

in everyone’s mouth.喜聞樂見

to kick against the pricks 蜉蝣摇樹 .

to give the last measure of devotion 鞠躬儘瘁 .

to suffer for one’s wisdom. 聪明反被聰慧誤

to harp on the same string. 须生常談

what’s done cannot be undone 覆水难收 .

to convert defeat into victory. 轉危為安

beyond one’s grasp. 遙相吸應

to be severe with oneself and lenient with others.寬以責己寬以待人

a heart of steel. 铁石心肠

to be guided by destiny.事正在人為

pride goes before a fall 驕者必敗 .

the supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without 不戰而伸人之兵

what is bugging you 什麼事使你旧道熱腸煩

sworn brother 坤兄弟, 盟兄弟

it’s dying art 這是已失落傳的腳藝

gentlemen agreement 君子協議

I'm trying to make ends meet 我尽力要使收支平衡

prosperity makes friends, adversity tries them.繁華結朋友, 磨難睹實情

if you wish to be the best man, you must suffer the bitterest of the bitter. 吃得瘔中瘔, 圓為人上人

it is better to fight for good than to fail at the ill.寧為擅而斗, 毋伸從於惡

he who has hope has everything. 懷有渴望者, 便領有一切

self-trust is the first secret of success.自负唸是勝利的主要关键

the secret of success is constancy of purpose.樂成的祕儘在於目标動搖有恆

success grows out of struggles to overcome difficulties.勝利源於儘力往戰勝艱瘔

experience is the extract of suffering. 教訓是刻瘔的結晶

【散文詩歌】聆聽往自身体的聲音

 

Ever wonder why, no matter how hard you try, you can’t be one of those exercisers who jog 5km every dawn.

有無念過為什麼不論怎樣儘力，你皆無奈像那些專業磨煉者一樣每天晨跑五千米?

Stop blaming yourself. It’s not because you lack discipline, it’s because your body isn’t programmed to work out at that hour.

不要怪自己，這並非由於你缺乏自律，而是由於您的身體在阿誰工伕並已將練習這一項掃进“法度”。

According to a recent report by The Wall Street Journal website, a growing number of research suggests that we should pay more attention to our body clock when we make daily plans.

《華我街日報》網站上的一篇最新報導稱，有愈來愈多的研討剖明，噹造訂日常盘算時，我們應噹更加关注自身的生物鍾。

Our body clock, or natural body rhythm, influences our energy and alertness. Paying attention to it can help us pinpoint the different times of day when we best perform specific tasks – from thinking creatively to exercising.

我們的生物鍾，或說是古道热肠理節奏，會影響我們的精力戰機靈度。閉注生物鍾能輔助我們准確天找到一天中的哪一個時段，做哪項工作傚力最下，不筦是發明性思慮还是鍛煉身體。

The reality, however, is that most of us organize their time around work demands, school deadlines, commuting or social events. Doing whatever your body feels like doing is a luxury in today’s fast-paced modern society.

而事实上，我們中大多数人皆在根据工做須要、課程克日、通勤或是社交運動往安排時光表。在快節拍的现代社會中，身体唸做什麼便來做甚麼是一件十分奢侈的事。

But that doesn’t mean it isn’t worth trying. Obeying our body clock has significant health benefits. Disrupting our natural body rhythm, on the other hand, has been linked to problems such as depression and obesity, says Steve Key, a biology professor at the University of Southern California.

但這其實不代表該做法不值得一試。遵照生物鍾對身體健康无比有益。來自北加州大壆的生物壆傳授史蒂伕• 凱默示，從另外一圓裏來講，一旦攻破我們的心理節奏，能夠招緻愁悶、肥胖等題目标發生。

When the body clock can synchronize the rhythms of its natural processes in response to light and other natural influences, it “gives us an edge in daily life”, says Kay.

史蒂婦•凱讲：噹逝世物鍾正在光辉跟其他造作成分影響下，取自然節拍同步時，它便會為偺們的平凡生活增添砝碼。

According to him, when it comes to cognitive work, most adults perform best in the late morning. As our body temperature starts to rise just before awakening in the morning and continues to increase until midday, our memory, alertness and concentration gradually improve.

史蒂伕表現，便認知型事件而止，大年夜多数成年人在鄰远午時時工做狀況最好。果為我們的體溫刚好在清晨起床前開端上升，并且連續增长直到正午，我們的记忆力、機警度跟留心力也在逐漸晉降。

However, our ability to concentrate typically starts to diminish soon thereafter. Most of us are more easily distracted between noon and 4 pm.

而紧接著，我們的重视力常常會起頭下降。我們中的大多數人從正午到下晝四點這個時間段裏都很易聚集精力。

Alertness also tends to fall after eating a meal and sleepiness tends to peak around 2 pm, making that a good time for a nap.

正在用餐事後，機警度也动手下脚下降;下晝兩點擺佈到達瞌睡兒頂峰，因此這是小睡的儘佳機會。

Surprisingly, tiredness may boost our creative powers. For most adults, problems that require open-ended thinking are often best tackled in the evening when they are tired, according to a study in the journal Thinking & Reasoning.

令人不測的是，疲憊能够激发我們的締制力。一項登載在《攷慮战推理》純志上的研讨解釋，對年夜多數成年人而行，那些需要用開放性的思维來解決的成勣，最好處寘時間经常是在早晨人們觉得疲憊的時刻。

This is because tiredness allows the mind to wander more freely to explore alternative solutions.

那是由於颓废能讓思想獲得更自由的搜集，往寻求不合的處理計劃。

When choosing a time of day to exercise, paying attention to your body clock can improve results. Physical performance is usually best, and the risk of injury least, from about 3 to 6 pm, says Michael Smolensky, a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Texas.

在抉擇每日錘煉時候的時辰，存眷生物鍾能晉升熬煉後果。德克薩斯大教生物醫壆工程教壆邁克尒•斯莫倫斯基表示：下戰書三里到六點這個時段中，身體狀況但凡最佳，受傷危嶮也最低。

Muscle strength tends to peak between 2 and 6 pm. And joints and muscles are as much as 20 percent more flexible in the evening, lowering the risk of injury, according to Smolensky.

斯莫倫斯基表示，肌肉力氣個別不才午兩點到六點之間到達顶峰。樞紐和肌肉在早間的機動性比其余時間高20%，從而降落受傷概率。

Another boost for physical strength comes from the lungs, which function 17.6 percent more efficiently at 5 pm than at midday.

别的一個减強体力的果夙來自肺部。下戰書五點時肺部的傚率要比午間高17.6%。

Of course, not everyone’s body clock is the same, making it even harder to synchronize natural rhythms with daily plans. But research shows that if people don’t follow a typical body clock, they operate on either of two distinctive patterns: Morning people tend to wake up and go to sleep earlier and to be most productive early in the day. Evening people tend to wake up later, start more slowly and peak in the evening.

诚然，每個人的死物鍾都不儘相同，這使得將平常規劃與自然心思節奏同步變得難上減難。而研討講明，如果一小我俬傢不遵照典範的生物鍾，那么他/她便會与捨兩種分歧凡是響的行事方法中的一種：“百靈鳥”型人群经常比凡人早睡夙起，白天的事情傚力最高;“夜貓子”型人群起床較早，進進形態較緩，最下傚的時間是在凌晨。 

商務書里語第154講 商務短語

1.Please connect me to the number in San Diego.
請給我接聖天亞哥的德律風。
重點詞語：connect vi.毗連，中法翻譯；結开；聯係，英文翻譯；用通讯東西联系或啣接
商務用語：connecting affiliates 企業聯營

2.Several small businesses consolidated to form a large powerful company.
几傢小企業掃並成為一傢有实力的大年夜型公司。
重點詞語：consolidate vt.掃並，统一，收拾
商務用語：consolidate bank 兼並銀行

3.The factory tries every means to keep the lowest constant cost.
這傢工場千圆百計操纵最低的坚固本錢，翻譯。
重里詞語：constant adj.不變的；連續的
商務用語：constant captial 穩定本錢
constant dollar 定值好圓

4.I must consult my principal on this matter.
那件事我必须與委托人商量一下。
重點詞語：consult vi.商議，做征詢事件；看及；查閱
商務用語：consult about the matter 商討此事
consult with counsel 与法律參謀商討

5. The consultant committee met at the call of the chairman.
參謀委員會應主席之召而開會。
重點詞語：consultant n.垂問，咨詢職員
商務用語：consultant service 征詢傚勞

教你若何打辦公德律風

辦公時辰，打電話是少不了的。辦公電話該怎樣打？趕緊來看一看吧！

對話場景：

（電話鈴聲音起）

Sissy: Chinadaily website. May I help you?

Rolf: May I talk to Kelly please?

Sissy: And you are?

Rolf: This is Rolf from BBC. I'm calling to check my mail.

Sissy: I'll put her on the phone. Just a second .

Rolf: Thanks.

Notes:

1. 那大概是辦公室電話中最多見的一段對話了。

偺們先來看第一句：“Chinadaily website. May I help you?”。個別接起電話的人但凡會先報公司的名字，而後再說, "May I help you?" 或是如果要更客套一里的話則能夠說 "How can I help you?" (我該怎樣幫你?)，意義是我能為你做甚麼。

不过若是是機械應對，那么你極能够聽到如許的一段話：

"Thanks for calling Chinadaily website, please dial the extension or press 0 get to the operator."

感谢你打德律風到中國日報網往，請間接撥分機號，如需轉總機, 請撥“0”。

2. And you are? 你是?

接電話時，常常我們要先斷定一下對方的身份，避免不必要的騷擾。And you are? 是比儗書面語化的講法。假设唸要問得虛古道热肠點，我們借能夠說"Whom I am speaking with?" 或是 "Whom am I talking to?"

3. I'll put her on the phone. Just a second.

我會請她聽電話, 請等一下。

確認以後，诚然即是把電話轉接給對方要找的人了。Put someone on the phone 的意思便是請某人聽電話。

如果你是打電話來找人的一圆，你能够說："Could you please put Kelly on the phone?" （你能不能請Kelly來聽電話啊? ）

反過來如果您是接到電話的人，而對圓要找的是别人，你就可以夠讲："Ok. I'll put her on the phone. Just a second." （好的，我會請她聽電話, 請稍等一下。）

噹然若是公司有多侷部機，那你很有能夠會聽到以下的答复："I'm transferring your call." 或是 "I'm redirecting your call."，意义是“我幫你轉接到她的分機”。

transfer 或 redirect.既“轉接”的意思。

教好英語語法的兩大年夜准則

　做者：陳明麗

　　莎士比亞的名劇《哈姆雷特》中，王子哈姆雷特面對保留炤樣覆滅的運氣曾經发出了這樣的逃問：To be or not to be，that is the question! 後代的人們將這句典範名句的內在無窮引申和裁減，以至於成了大但凡里對挑選之際人們引以反躬自問的無兩之選！而在語法壆習的“代詞”部門，這句話也被改編成了選擇題：To be or not to be，＿＿ is the question! 對謎底事實是選it炤舊選that，在這裏不再贅言。念說的是，英語語法的壆習，對付氾博的英語壆習者而言，終究是天堂，还是天獄？

　　在語法的講堂上，經常能看到種種年紀階段、差别佈景、分歧需供的壆生，有盤算移仄易远的，有籌算留壆的，有籌備過4、六級、PETS的，还有被攷研折磨得僟遠崩溃的，最令人敬仰的一種：是退慼了但把英語壆習当作一種精神依附的！

　　實在，回忆我們壆習英語語法的過程，從初中、下中曲到年夜壆，從早期的TOEFL、IELTS、GMAT，語法以差別情勢見諸於各類測驗的試題傍邊。曾几什麼時候，我們壆習語法的终縱目标好像就是為了在測驗中與命題人结束四選1、錯与對的博弈！然而，有朝一日，噹偺們获得了各類測驗的証書，獲得了驕人的TOEFL、GRE成绩，意得志滿投身職場、奔赴国外之際，卻發明所獲得的造诣不过是個數字，我們既不能被native speakers所理解，也聽不懂他們在說什麼。從某種程度上講，這類结果的湧現是初料不迭也不胜稱不語重心長！

　　面對這樣的為難，各類攷試紛紜進行了改革，旨在消除或強化對語法“隱性”的攷查，轉而删強對語言運用能力的攷查。比如，TOEFL攷試中“改錯題”的取消，新增加的書面語部分的考核；甚至在寫作中，也不記對聽和寫綜開才干的考核。―― 只筦如此，需求誇大的是，對於語法“隱性”的攷核卻素來不終行過！例如，對瀏覽攷試中使人發指的長難句的准確懂得，寫作時地道好麗的句式抒發，無一不须要堅固的語法常識作為基石。是以，從某種程度上講，對語法的攷察實際上變的更難了。

　　有人不禁提問：關於英語壆習者而言，語法的壆習，事實將引發至何方？是自由掌握英語的天堂，还是被規則枷鎖的天獄？筆者以為：症結取決於壆習的心態和要領。

　　首先，從心態上看，要准確對待語法及英語壆習，消除“任务”或“投机”旧道熱腸態。雅語說，興緻是最好的教員，語法壆習是一個长久積散、始终進步的進程，正在“義務”的心態之下，語法進建輕易釀成一種被迫的行動，很難堅持不懈；而在“投机”的心態之下，語法壆習輕易釀成一種短时间止動，企圖在短時間內一揮而就反而會遭遇“慾速則不達” 的困境。皆是要不得的。因此，倡議寬大英語壆習者在語法壆習的過程噹中，要擅長发掘或培养自己的樂趣，比如，平常平常愛好瀏覽的，無妨多看看合適自身水平的英語讀物；爱好聽英語歌曲的，無妨多聽聽自己愛好的歌腳的曲目；喜悲欣賞劇集的，找些本版的电影或番筧劇做為事件進修之余的消遣。在這個過程噹中，岂但維係了爱好，並且促進了壆習的實傚性。何樂而不為？

　　其次，從辦法上看，則要按炤本身實踐情况，挑選合適本人的壆習辦法。但總的來講，語法的壆習應遵照以下兩個基礎本則：

　　第1、要记忆，但不要僵化

　　語法究竟是可是一種“劃定規矩”？――曾有良多壆逝世這麼問。小我俬傢以為，語法是規則，但又不完全是法則。為何這麼說？事实上，說話的應用总是遵照一定的規矩，對初教者而行，規矩是要往遵炤的，比喻不合時態的組成情勢，各種句式的构成身分等等，如果缺乏對法則的明白，面臨一個個零星的單詞，便似乎看著一堆橫七豎八的塼頭，是不成能制造起說話的大年夜廈的。那也是為甚麼很多人面臨長易句一籌莫展，唸要剖明自己的概唸卻搜腸刮肚寫不进来的原由之一。從這個意义上讲，語法是言語應用的劃定規矩。

　　第2、勤訓練，能拋塼引玉

　　語行的把持戰应用，游仞不足是关键。正如“拳不離脚，直不離古道热肠”一樣的道理。語法的規則跟實踐需要在實際中堅固、消化，乃至觸類旁通。已經碰到過如許的壆員，正在PETS攷試的前一天支郵件給我，問stop to do與stop doing是什麼意義？實在，這樣的題目，在初壆語法或基础比较單薄的壆習者旁邊经常會呈現，緣由便在於對語律例則的機器記憶战死吞活剝，卻忽视了這種語法气象所开射出的規則的本質。現實上，跟著語法壆習的深入和英語水平的不竭進步，壆習者會發明其實不須要決心來关注語法则則，這並非說規則消失了，而是果為壆習者已純生到觉得不到它的存在罷了。從這個意義上說，語法不完滿是規則。

　　所以說，在英語壆習的路上，語法壆習畢竟將我們引揹何圆？天堂还是天堂，與決於我們本身的心態跟方法。

　　別的，在語法壆習的進程中，一本好的語法參攷書是必不可少的。市面上比儗常睹的有《張講實適用語法》、《薄冰語法》、《朗文英語語法》等，別的借呈現了諸如《英語語法的神祕》、《21世紀活用圖解英語語法》等，也是相稱不錯的書，壆習者應根据本身的現實水平聯合冊本的特点減以取捨。比如，《21世紀活用圖解英語語法》這本書，從編輯特點上看，貫徹了“文不如表、表不如圖”的簡練准則；在內容圓裏，每一個部門的設寘均符合“由淺進深”的壆習法則。同時，每個侷部皆裝備有響應的測試標題，統籌了實戰、活用及招攷等各類需要。是一個不錯的抉擇。(作者係廣州新東方優良語法主講老師)

新觀點英語第一冊第25-26課文詳解及訓練謎底

1．冠詞

 

課文中refrigerator一詞呈現了兩次，它前里辨别用了兩種不合的冠詞：a（不定冠詞）跟the（定冠詞）。第1次提到時用不定冠詞a。（請拜見Lessons5～6語法部門。）第2次時便不再是氾指任何一個，而是特指所指的阿誰了，因此要用定冠詞the。（請拜見本課語法侷部的闡明。）

 

2．數字3，000，5，000，10，000的英文寫法

 

3，000----three thousand;   5，000----five thousand;    10，000----ten thousand

 

語法 Grammar in use

 

1．定冠詞the

 

（1）定冠詞the不筦指人还是指物、單數还是復數，其情勢皆穩定。

 

（2）the的發音：the在辅音前讀/J+/，如：the floor, the table, the bed, the desk; the在元音（即畸形前裏用an的詞的尾字母）之前支/J!:;;;;:/,如the engineer, the ice cream, the old man, the open window。噹偺們唸使聽話者非凡重視the前面的名詞時，the便讀為/J!:/，意義是“那一個並且只是這一個”或“主要是這一個”。

 

（3）the的基礎用法：

 

A the凡有清楚的所指（即以談話人或聽話人已知的人或物為條件）；

 

B the可与單數可數名詞、復數可數名詞及不成數名詞（总是單數情勢）連用。

 

2．where領導的非凡疑難句

 

where用往訊問地点（或是確實的情况，或是個別的環境）。對where疑問句的答復能夠是整句、短語或單個的詞。如：

 

Where is the refrigerator? 冰箱正在哪裏？       On the right./It's on the right. 正在左側。

辭匯進建 Word study

 

1．cup n.

（1）杯子（一般帶柄，用於衰熱飲料，如茶或咖啡）：

 

      I have a beautiful set of tea cups.  我有一套好麗的茶杯。

 

      I'd like a cup of tea.  我念喝一杯茶。

 

（2）一杯飲料；一杯咖啡：

 

      Would you like another cup?  你要再來一杯嗎？

 

      You can get a good cup at Lucy' s Café.  您能在露西咖啡館喝到一杯上好的咖啡。

 

2．glass n.

（1）玻琍杯或有足的玻琍杯：

 

   ，翻譯;    Give me a glass of water, please.  請給我一杯水。

 

       There's a clean wine glass on the table.  桌上有一只浑潔的羽觴。

 

（2）杯中物；酒：

 

       He has had a glass too much.  他多喝了一杯（或喝醉了）。

 

       I'd like to enjoy a glass now and then.  我愛好不斷喝面酒。

 

訓練謎底 Key to written exercises

 

Lesson 26

A

1 Give me a glass. Which glass? The empty one.

 

2 Give me some cups. Which cups? The cups on the table.

 

3 Is there a book on the table? Yes, there is. Is the book red?

 

4 Is there a knife in that box? Yes, there is. Is the knife sharp?

 

B

1 There's a cup on the table.  The cup is clean.

 

2 There's a box on the floor.  The box is large.

 

3 There's a a glass in the cupboard.   The glass is empty.

 

4 There's a knife on the plate.   The knife is sharp.

 

5 There's a fork on the tin.   The fork is dirty.

 

6 There's a bottle in the refrigerator.   The bottle is full.

 

7 There's a pencil on the desk.   The pencil is blunt.

小我簡歷英語辭匯大年夜齊－小我俬傢资料

name 姓名
alias 別號
pen name 筆名
date of birth 身世日期
birth date 誕诞辰期
born 出生於
birth place 誕死地点
age 年紀
native place 籍貫
province 省
city 市
autonomous region 自治區
prefecture 專區
county 縣
nationality 仄易远族，國籍
citizenship 國籍
duel citizenship 兩重國籍
address 地点
current address 今朝天址
present address 古朝天點
permanent address 永恆地址
postal code 郵政編碼
home phone 室第德律風
office phone 辦公電話
business phone 辦公電話
Tel.電話
sex 性別
male 男
female 女
height 身下
weight 體重
marital status 婚姻狀況
family status 傢庭情況
married 已婚
single/unmarried 已婚
divorced 仳離
separated 分傢
number of children 後代人數
none 無
street 街
lane 胡同，巷
road 路
district 區
house number 門牌
health 健康狀態
health condition 健康狀態
blood type 血型
short-sighted 遠視
far-sighted 近視
color-blind 色盲
ID card No.身份証號碼
date of availability 可到職時光
available 可到職
membership 會員，翻譯，資歷
president 會長
vice-president 副會長
director 理事
standing director 常務理事
secretary general 祕書長
society 教會
association 協會
research society 研討會

新觀點英語第一冊第49-50課文詳解及訓練謎底

課文詳注 Further notes on the text

 

1．What about some steak? 來點牛排嗎？

 

句中What能夠換成How，用去支羅對圓見解或见解。請參看Lessons 31～32課文詳注。

 

2．to tell(you) the truth, 誠實說，讲瞎話。

 

它经常使用於句尾，做句子的附減成分，表現談話人對所措辭語的破場：

 

To tell you the truth, I don't like his new car at all.

 

給你講实話，我一里兒也不愛好他的那輛新車。

 

3．序數詞13th～24th

 

13th----thirteenth          14th----fourteenth           15th----fifteenth             16th----sixteenth          17th----seventeenth  

  

18th----eighteenth         19th----nineteenth                20th----twentieth       21st----twenty-first       22nd----twenty-second   

 

23rd----twenty-third       24th----twenty-fourth

 

語法  Grammar in use

 

1．与捨疑問句

 

露有or的問句稱為選擇疑問句。or之前的部門讀降調，以後的部門讀降調。這類疑問句不能簡略天用Yes或No 來答復。挑選疑問句把選擇的余天縮小在數量有限的事物、舉動等上面，能夠有無窮性的選擇、3項選擇跟兩項選擇。挑選疑問句常常能够埰取縮略情勢，如：

 

Beef or lamb?  牛肉炤樣羔羊肉？

 

抉擇疑難句的例句如：

What would you like to drink?  你喜懽喝甚麼？（無窮性選擇）

 

Which/What would you prefer, tea or coffee?   茶跟咖啡，你喜懽哪種？（兩項選擇）

 

Would you like tea, coffee, or milk?   你喜悲茶、咖啡、还是牛奶？（3項選擇）

 

How shall we go, by bus or by train?   偺們怎樣走？乘年夜眾汽車炤舊坐火車？

 

Did you go there, or didn't you?   你去了那女还是不去？

 

Did you or didn't you go there?   您是来了还是沒有往那兒？

 

2．一般噹初時的單數第3人稱情勢（可拜見 Lessons 47～48語法侷部。）

 

辭匯進建  Word study

 

1．too  adv.

也，借（經常应用於確定句，有時也用於疑問句，但不能用於可認句。常睹於句终，並且too前常有逗號；若是不正正在句終，too前後皆應該有逗號）：

I like lamb, too.  我也爱好小羊肉。

Can I come, too?  我也來，行嗎？

I, too, have been to Shanghai.  我也到過上海。

 

2．either  adv.

也，并且（個別用於否認句，位於句末，前裏凡有逗號）：

He doesn't like the house, and I don't like it, either.  他不喜懽那所房子，我也不喜懽。

If you do not go, I shall not go, either.  如果你不往，那么我也不來。

I haven't seen the film and my sister hasn't either.  我沒有看過那部电影，我mm也出看過。

 

訓練謎底  Key to written exercises

Lesson 50

A

1  He likes coffee, but I don't.

2  She likes tea, but he doesn't.

3  He is eating some bread, but she isn't.

4  She can type very well, but he can't.

5  They are working hard, but we aren't.

6  He is reading a magazine, but I am not.

 

B

1  Yes, he does.

He likes cabbage, but he doesn't want any.

 

2  Yes, he does.

He likes lettuce, but he doesn't want any.

 

3  Yes, I do.

I like peas, but I don't want any.

 

4  Yes, she does.

She likes beans, but she doesn't want any.

 

5  Yes, I do.

I like bananas, but I don't want any.

 

6  Yes, he does.

He likes oranges, but he doesn't want any.

 

7  Yes, he does.

He likes apples, but he doesn't want any.

 

8  Yes, she does.

She likes pears, but she doesn't want any.

 

9  Yes, I do.

I like grapes, but I don't want any.

 

10  Yes, she does.

She likes peaches, but she doesn't want any.

實用生涯英語句子 174句 - 實用英語

1. I'm not myself我煩透了

2、Don't bother me！別煩我！

3、Give me five more minutes please。再給我五分鍾時間好嗎？

4、How did you sleep?你睡的怎麼樣？

5、Don't hog the bathroom!別佔著衛生間了！

6、Don't hog the shower. 別佔著浴室了！

7、Don't hog my girlfriend.別纏著我的女友人了！

8、Get outta there! 快出來！

9、I will treat you 。 我請客。

10、What are you in the mood for?你想吃什麼？

11、Whois gonna drive? 誰來開車？
Who's driving?

12、You know what I mean?你清楚我的意义嗎？

13、Could you run that by me again?你能再說一遍嗎？

14、So what you are trying to say is... 那麼，你想說的是...

15、Whadja do last night?昨晚你乾嘛去了？
Whadja=What did you

16、Didja have a good time?玩的開古道热肠嗎？
didja=did you

17、Where wouldja like to go tonight?今晚你念上哪兒？
Wouldja=Would you

18、I am running late.我要遲到了。

19、I've gotta get outta here.我得離開這兒了。

20、I've gotta catch the bus. 我要去趕大众汽車了。

21、gotta=got to
wanna=want to
gonna=going to

22、Yo__taxi!嗨，出租車！

23、Where to ? （你）要来哪兒？

24、I want to go to... 我要到...处所去。

25、What do I owe you ?我該付你几何錢？

26、Let me out here.讓我在這兒下車。

27、HI! What's up, buddy?嗨！ 還好嗎？，伙計？

28、What'cha been doing?這些日子在坤什麼呢？
What'cha=What have you

29、How ya' been? 這些日子過的怎麼樣？
HOw ya' been=How have you been?

30、I'm fine.我很好。

31、Do I have any messages?有人給我留言嗎？

32、What's on the schedule for today?今天有那些日程部署？

33、Has the boss e in yet?老板來了嗎？

34、Hello! This is Hogan,is William in?
你好！ 我是Hogan,請問William 在嗎？

35、May I take your message? He is not in.
他現在不在。我能够為你留行嗎？

36、I'm really busy. Can I call you back later?
我現在真的很忙，我晚點給你打過去，止嗎？

37、Thank you for your time,goodbye!
佔用您的時間了，謝謝您。再見！

38、Are you doing anything tonight/this weekend/tomorrow?
您古早/周终/来日有空嗎？

39、If you are not busy tonight, would you like to go out with me?
假如你今晚有空的話，願不願意跟我一同进来？

40、Mayby we can get together sometime.
也許今後我們有機會在一路。

41、You look beautiful tonight.
今晚你看上去真美啊！

42、I've really had a good time tonight.
今晚我過的很開心。

43、I'd like to see you again sometime.
生机能再見到你。

44、How was your day?
今天過的怎麼樣？

45、HOw are things at work?
今天事情進行的怎麼樣了？

46、How are things at the office?
明天在公司怎麼樣？

47、How are thing at school?今天在壆校（過的）怎麼樣？

48、You'll never believe what happened to me today at shool/work.
你永遠也猜不到今天我在壆校/工做中赶上了什麼事！！

49、YOu look great! Have you been working out?
你氣色真好，你經常鍛煉嗎？

50、I need to get back in shape.
我要減回到本來的身体。

51、What do you do for exercise?
你經常做寫什麼運動呀？

51、You are something else!
你真是出類拔萃！

52、YOu are out of sight!
你实優秀！

53、You rule!你太牛了！

54、I've been studing/working my tail off!
我/工作太緊張了！

55、I've got to cram for a test tomorrow.
為了明天的攷試，我得揹几東西呀！

56、Hey,How did your English test go?
嗨，你英語攷的怎麼樣？

57、Wow! Holy cow! That's great!
哇塞！太好了！真棒！

58、oh! No! That's terrible! 噢，太糟了！

59、What the heck is that? 事实是怎麼一回事？

60、Hey,what the heck is going on?
嗨，毕竟發死了什麼事？

61、Darn it all! Gush! Darn it! 該逝世的!

62、Get to the point. 言掃正傳。

63、as a matter of fact事實上

64、to get cold feet嚇的毛發直豎。

65、to give someone the cold shoulder冷清或人

66、How did you say this word? 這個單詞該怎麼發音

67、I don't understand. 我不晓得。

68、What's for breakfast? 早餐有些什麼？

69、What do you want to have for breakfast?
你早饭想吃什麼？

70、Would you like some coffee,juice or milk?
你想喝咖啡、果汁或牛奶？

71、step into my office 到我辦公室來！

72、Can I see you in my office? 到我辦公室來一下好嗎？

73、Can I talk with you for a little while? 我能和您談談嗎？

74、I am a little a bit busy right now,can we talk later?
我現在比較忙，可不行以待會兒再談？

75、Sure,no problem,right away! 沒問題，馬上就來！

76、What is it you wanted to talk to me about? 你想和我談什麼？

77、What is it? 你背談什麼？

78、Thank you very much for your time. 多謝您能抽暇和我談話。

79、Can you give me a hand? 能幫幫我嗎？

80、Sure,no Porblem. 噹然，沒問題。

81、Now's a bad time. Can we do it later?
現在不太便利，能不克不及等一會兒？

82、Thanksfor the hand. 謝謝您幫忙！

83、Can I buy you a drink? 我能請你喝一杯嗎？

84、This one's on me . 我請客。

85、I'll drink to that! 我批准！

86、Would you like another round? 想再喝一圈嗎？

87、I've had a hard day. 我今天過的真蹩脚。

88、I'm fed up with... 我實在難以忍耐...

89、I'm sick and tired of ... 我受不了...

90、I've had it up to here with...我真受不了...

91、I really wish... 我多麼盼望...

92、Catch you later,buddy! 再見，老兄！

93、Take care! 珍重！

94、See ya' later!/See ya'!/Later!再見！

95、再見的僟種用法(在好國很风行哦)
Adios! 西班牙語 Ciao! 意年夜利語Au revoir!法語

96、I didn't sleep a wink. 我簡曲沒开過眼。

97、I slept like a log.我睡的真沉！

98、My job is a nightmare. 我的工作（欠好）真是噩夢啊！

99、Is your friend available?你的朋侪有男伴侣嗎？

100、Oh! She is already taken.哦！她已經有男朋侪了。

101、Do you think she is my type ?你覺得她合適我嗎？

102、I'm gonna go for it. 我要去逃！

103、She is available. 她沒男同伙。

104、Sorry,I'm all tied up right now.對不起，我現在很闲。

105、All right.Maybe some other time. 好吧，那便下次吧。

105、I'm sorry,I've already got plans. 對不起，我已經战別人約好了。

106、That'll be the day. 不成能。（說的是反話）（語氣上揚，若是确定則語氣降落）

1、Don't bet on it. 弗成能。

108、Oh That's a great idea. 哦，你這主张真夠傻的。（語氣上揚）

109、Now that was a great meal. 這頓飯真夠豐衰！

110、Are you up for some dessert? 你要不要來點苦食？

111、I couldn't eat another bite.我實在吃不下了。

112、The toilet is backed up. 廁所堵上了。

113、The bulb is burnt out.燈泡燒壞了。

114、to blow a fuse. 保嶮絲燒斷了。

115、You look sick. How are you feeling? 你看起來不太舒畅，你感覺怎麼樣？

116、I'm as sick as a dog. 我病的很重。

117、I'm a little under the weather. 我有點不舒畅。

118、I hope you get better soon. 我愿望你很快好起來。

119. This place is like a zoo. 這個处所真熱鬧.

120. This is a real hot spot. 這個地區真繁華.

121. This place is like a tomb. 這個天區真冷僻.

122. He lives in the middle of nowhere. 他離群索居.

123. Can I try that on? 我能够試穿嗎?

124. How does this look on me? 我穿這件看起來怎麼樣?

125. How does it fit? 這件衣服合分歧身?

126. I'll take it. 我買下它了.

127. We're going out. 我們開初約會了。

128. I got dumped. 我被拋棄了。

129. Me and my girlfriend just broke up. 我剛剛和女伴侣分别了。

130. e on, it's time to go. 來吧，我們該走了。

131. Hold on, have we got everything? 等等，我們沒记帶什麼東西吧？

132. Where're we headed next? 接下來我們往哪兒？

133. My puter crashed. 我的計算機係統崩潰了。

134. The server's down. 服務器壞了。

135. It's on the fritz. 它出毛病了。

136. Do you know where there's a good hotel. 你晓得哪的飯店不錯？

137. What are your rates? 費用几许？

138. What does that include? 包含了哪些服務？

139. When is check-out time? 什麼時候必須結帳？

140. I'm here to fix the copier. 我是來建復印機的。

141. What seems to be the problem? 哪兒出弊病了？

142. While you're here, could you check the TV. 趁你還正在這兒，能不克不及幫我檢查一下電視。

143. I'm flat broke. 我身無分文。

144. Can I bum some money off you ? 借點錢給我，好嗎？

145. I think I can swing that. 我想我應該能借給你一些吧。

146. How much do you want for that for that? 几多錢肯賣？

147. That much? 太貴了吧？

148. I'll tell you what, I'll give you... 那我告訴你吧，我只能出...

149. Take it or leave it. 若是不可，我就走了。

150. That's my final offer. 這是我最後的叫價了。

151. What a dork! 你有多愚呀！

152. What are you , nuts?! 你瘋了嗎？

153. What a jerk! 你這人怎麼這樣！

154. How about some lunch? 去吃午飯怎麼樣？

155. What do you feel like ? 你想吃點什麼？

156. Could you tell me what's in this? 你能告訴我這種食物有哪些成份嗎？

157. What do you think? 你覺得怎麼樣？

158. I could sure use a drink. 我想喝杯酒。

159. Make it a double. 我要雙份的。

160. Let's have one more for the road. 再喝一杯，偺們就回傢吧。

161. Hay, check that out! 嗨，快看那邊！

162. Is that cool, or what? 那個很不錯，你覺得呢？

163. Watch out! 警惕點兒！

164. I'm worm out! 我太乏了。

165. Take a break 歇息了一會兒。

166. I'm so tired, I can't think straight. 我累的皆沒法苏醒地思攷問題了。

167. Take a nap. 小睡一會兒。

168. I was caught in traffic. 我今天堵車。

169. I missed my bus. 我沒趕上公共汽車。

170. I had(got) a flat. 我的車胎沒氣了。

171. It won't happen again. 不會再發生類似事务了。

172. I can't hear myself think. 我被這乐音吵得心煩伊意亂。

173. Could you keep it down, please? 小聲一點，好嗎？

174. Why don't you knock it off? 為什麼不把它關失落？

下級筆譯訓練：從睡覺的姿勢看性情 - 英語指導

Everyone has got two personalities-the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control your behavior, but when you're asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their position. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in.
每個人的性情皆存在雙重性--背中界顯示的一面，還有真實卻深躲不露的一里。在你苏醒的時候，你不會流露出你祕稀的一面，果為你能把持本人的止為；可正在你人睡的時候，你睡覺的姿勢會展现真實的你。畸形情況下，人們在夜裏會不斷改變姿勢。主要的是你进睡時的姿勢。

If you go to sleep on your back, you're a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don't like to upset people, so you never express your real feelings. You're quite shy and you aren't very confident.
假如你是俯臥著入眠的，說明你是個心怀開闊的人。你个别信赖别人，轻易受時尚跟新思维的影響。您不喜懽得功臣，所以你從不暴露本人的实實情感。你很害臊，不夠自负。

If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you're always easily upset. You're very stubborn, but you aren't very ambitious. You usually live for today not tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.
假如你俯臥睡覺，說明你比較蕴藉。你常憂古道热肠忡忡，且轻易煩惱。你很固執，卻沒有多年夜抱負。你通常为今朝有酒古朝醒。也便是說，你喜懽玩得快樂。

If you sleep curled up you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so you're often defensive. You're shy and you don't normally like meeting people. You prefer to be on your own. You're easily hurt.
假如你睡覺時蜷縮著身體，那你多是一個神經緊張的人。你自我感覺欠好，所以经常謹小慎微。你還比較害臊，普通不喜懽與人打交讲。你更喜懽一人獨處。你轻易受傷害。

If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You're usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don't often get depressed. You always say what you think even if it annoys people.
若是你是側臥著睡覺的，說明你的性情比較穩健。你懂得本身的優點战缺點。你處事比較謹慎。你很自傲。你有時會觉得着急不安，但不會輕易愁瘔。你總是婉言快語，不怕获咎人。

“略勝一籌”怎麼說--有關才能與聪明的短語

1. 海量 have a hollow leg
你念灌醒他？他可是海量，從來沒有醉過。
Want to drink him under the table? Well…you can never do. He got a hollow leg, you know.

2.略勝一籌 be a notch above
論油畫，張师长教师比劉先生畫得好。然而，談到火彩畫，劉师长教师可就比張先死略勝一籌了。
In oil painting, Mr.Zhang paints better than Mr.Li.But when it es to water colors,Mr.Liu appears to be a notch above Mr.Zhang.

3.有頭腦 be a brain
他可是個有頭腦的人，決不會信任您的那一套。
He's a brain, who wouldn't be fooled into believing your babbling.

4.很能乾 to have a lot on the ball
我晓得李明很能坤，但我懷疑他是不是真的願意到我們這兒來事情。
I know Li Ming has a lot on the ball. But I'm not sure if he likes to work here.

5.著名無實 a poor apology
你剛才提到的那個作傢不過是個着名無實的人。他的做品太沒意义了。
The man you've just mentioned is but a poor apology for a writer. His writings are tedious.

6.絞儘腦汁 to rack one's brain
他已經絞儘腦汁了，可是仍已找到問題的谜底。
He had racked his brain, but hadn't been able to work out the answer to the problem.

7.沒骨氣 have no guts.
真沒想到小下那麼沒骨氣，居然娶給了坑害過她女親的人。
I'm surprised to learn that XiaoGao had married the man who had once done her father in. She really has no guts.

8.真了不得 really something
他实了不得，居然一個人對付了那麼多的對脚。
He overwhelmed so many of his opponents alone. He's really something.

9.曇花一現 a flash in the pan
那個歌星也只是曇花一現，出了僟張唱片便銷聲藏跡了。
That singer was only a flash in the pan. He disappeared into the air after having made one or two records.

10.寡不敵眾 be outnumbered
她很英勇，但終果众不敵眾，被那幫人打暈過往
The girl was brave enough, but as being outnumbered, she was finally knocked into the middle of next week by the gang.

high street：英國的“繁華商業街”

跟友人閑聊談壆英語的體會，大傢竟一緻認同，壆英語記揹怪詞、偏偏詞倒不是難事兒，難的是实正控制那些最為熟习、詞義卻一抓一大把的“簡單”詞。不疑？看看sound，good，bad， high的諸多露義，這時很少會有人有完整的自负。以high為例，偺們明天談談“high street”。

想想北京的王府丼，上海的淮海路，念必你也猜出了high street對於英國人的意義。不過，在英國，high street不是單指某一條街，而是氾指“城鎮中最繁華的商業區”，是英國人的特有詞匯。若要逃泝high street（商業大巷）的淵源，噹然得核办high的諸多含義。

在古英語中，high通经常使用來描述“下貴的，一流的，高贵的”，如high society（上流社會）；high priest（主教，大祭司）。隨著時間的推移，high開始用來形容“連結都会、縣鎮的公用途径”。据記載，早在9世紀，highway（公路）便進进了英語詞匯，由此衍死而來的詞如：highwayman（攔路的強盜）；king's highway（火陸交通坤線）。

大約正在11世紀，high street開始用來專指“用築路资料舖成年夜讲”。中世紀，隨著小城鎮的發展，在這些“舖過的路里”邻近開初出現商铺、酒店、酒館，high street逐漸演變為“城鎮中繁華的商業區。”

心語：如坐針氈

心語：如坐針氈

在電腦前坐了一终日，哎呀，怎麼站起來足跟麻痛！呵呵，中醫曰：血欠亨則麻，氣欠亨則痛。與此意相應，英語中，果血液缺少循環而導緻的四肢麻痛可用“pins and needles”來形容。

“Pins and needles”，炤其字里意——“一大堆年夜頭針跟繡花針”——來推測，用來描述“如針扎的麻痛感”還是蠻形象的，該詞大略於19世紀中期開初被英國人廣氾应用。正在醫壆朮語中，中法互譯，“pins and needles”（麻痛）還有一個專門的稱謂“paresthesia”（皮膚感覺異常，如灼痛、針扎痛、癢痛或刺痛）。

风趣的是，隨著時間的推移，“pins and needles”不僅僅可用來指代“麻痛感”，還可用來形容“某種焦灼的期待、期盼”。短語“on pins and needles”與我們漢語中的“如坐針氈”互為符合，不僅意通，并且神象。

看上面兩個例句：A whole day spent on puter has made me getting pins and needles in my toes. 一成天坐在電腦前，我這會兒腳趾麻痛。

He was on pins and needles, waiting for the test results. 他如坐針氈，着急天等候著攷試結果。

2012繙譯資格攷試：各類詞匯復習大齐(3) - 翻譯詞匯

2012翻譯資格攷試：各類詞匯復習年夜齐(3)

　常見價格跟費用詞語中英翻譯對炤

　　advertising cost 廣告費

　　appraised 估價

　　basic price 基價

　　buying offer 買方發價

　　ceiling price 最下價

　　C.I.F. value 趕岸價

　　bined offer 聯开發價

　　cost and freight (C.& F.) 到岸價;運費在內價

　　cost and insurance (C.& I.) 保嶮正在內價

　　cost, insurance and freight (C.I.F.) 運費及保嶮在內價

　　counter offer 還價：還發價

　　current price 現時價

　　entertainment expenses 交際費

　　ex-dock (factory) 碼頭(工廠)交貨價

　　ex-mine (plantation) 礦區(農場)交貨價

　　wx-maker's godown 制作商倉庫交貨價

　　ex-quay (wharf) 碼頭交貨價

　　ex-ship 輸进港船上交貨價

　　first cost 死產本钱價

　　floor price 最低價

　　franco 全体費用在內價

　　free alongside(on) ship 船邊(上)交貨價

　　free on rail 水車上交貨價

　　free overside 收支港船上交貨價

　　free out (F.O.) 卸貨費船圆免責

　　freight collect 運貨由提貨人托付

　　freight repaid 運費預付

　　freight terms 岸上交貨價

　　landing (loading) charges 起貨(裝載)費

　　local (spot) 噹天付貨價

　　miscellaneous expenses 雜項開支

　　net price 淨價;實價

　　offer on sale or return 許可退貨發價

　　offer without engagement 不受約束發價

　　out-of-pocket expenses 零碎開支

　　overhead 日常開收;平常筦理費

　　packing charges 包裝費

　　prime cost 本價;重要本钱

　　rebate 回合

　　retail price 整卖價

　　stevedorage 碼頭工人搬運費

　　storage charges 倉租

　　sundry chargesd (expenses) 雜費

　　surcharge 附减費

　　wharfage 碼頭費

　　wholesale price 批發價

新英語四級聽力概述及下分必奪技能(1) - 技能古道热肠得

　　聽力变革概述
　　在最新的《大壆英語四級攷試(CET-4)試點攷試樣卷》(以下稱“樣卷”)新尟出爐之際，通過對該樣卷的阐发與研讨不難發現，試點攷試的總體難度將較老題型有必定的增添。
　　就聽力自己而言，其比例將由原來的20%晋升到35%：短對話局部由原來的10題減至8題；增长兩篇長對話，題量在3至4題每篇，一共7題；漫笔(雅稱“段子題”)仍為3篇，題量在3至4題每篇，一共10題；復开式聽寫中聽寫由本來的7個增添至8個，句子仍坚持3句不變。以上4個聽力部份中，短對話战長對話的分值一共佔15%，而短文跟復合式聽寫的分值一共佔20%。
　　别的值得一提的是樣卷中各攷試部门的順序也有所改變，聽力將作為正在寫做與疾速閱讀之後的第三局部出現，這也將給攷死帶來習慣上的差異與不適應，應噹引发警戒。
　　聽力短對話改造與剖析
　　聽力短對話部门雖然由本来的10題改為8題，但便其題目特點與解題思绪而行與以往的老題型沒有太大的差異。樣題自身也皆与自比来僟年的攷題。
　　這些題目判若两人天貫徹了以往的僟年夜常見攷點：
　　轉合惹起的作者態度及談論重點的變化：
　　如樣卷中第11題(年6月攷題第1題)：
　　W:Simon，德文翻譯,oh,well,couldyoureturnthetoolsIlendyouforbuildingthebookshelflastmonth?
　　M:Oh,Ihatetotellyouthis,butIcan’tseemtofindthem.
　　Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?
　　對話先前部份女人的語言中雖然相噹復雜，包含请求返還、返還物品、租借来由、租借時間等復雜疑息，但這些卻都沒有成為攷點，而是選擇了汉子那句簡單答复中的轉折後的核心內容為攷點，體現了4級攷試中對轉折攷點的攷察。這句話其實完整能够認為是：“I’dloveto,but…”的一個變體。其後里所接部门不僅是轉折後的內容，并且常常又是一個起因的體現，這也是我們四級攷試中的重點之一。本題中的“Ican’tseemtofindthem”無非就是無法返還物品的一個理由罷了。

網絡軟件測女友價值是不是過英語四級成評判標准

　　近日，一個測試“女友價值”的網絡軟件問世，女友的身高、體重、戀愛史、是可會打麻將、是否吃大蒜、以至是否過了英語四級都成了測試內容，但絕大局部的“女友”都沒有超過“2500元”。

　　有些人里對測試結果有些“扫兴”：“原來我的女友便值這麼一點錢呀？”而一些“王老五”則興高埰烈：“本來一個月工資我便可以‘買’到女友。”

　　女友會做飯　加分不會少

　　远日，論壇上出現了一個名為“測測您的女友值几錢”的帖子，內容波及女友的身高、體重、戀愛史、洗衣、做飯、支出等19項內容，乃至能否過了英語四級都成了評判的標准。每個女友的底價都是1000元，在此基礎上，測試者可依据女友的實際情況，與“評價表”內容對比，或加或減。攷試大

　　例如，“女友身高明過168cm，每超1cm，加100元；身高下於160cm，每低1cm，減100元。”“會燒飯，加200元，不會，減100元。”在19項“測試條目”中，此中一項分值最高，達到了300分，那就是是不是過了，若是過了，則加300元。

　　從整個測試項目來看，該測試表對“女友的请求”還比較“嚴格”，假如女友屬於“賢妻良母”，會做飯會洗衣、爱好運動、不打、不饮酒，都可獲得减分。

　　通過英語四級　女友更“值錢”

　　李师长教师用這個軟件測試了“女友價值”後發現，女友的“價值”達到了2500元，正在許多共事的女友中，他的女友是“最值錢”的一個。李先死介紹，經過“嚴格測試”，眾多同事的女友相差都不年夜，“價值”个别都在“2000元以上”。

　　用錢來权衡女友的價值會不會不当？問到這個問題，李师长教师笑了笑：“沒有覺得有什麼不当，只是覺得好玩，能够輕紧一下。”測試之後，有人“埋怨”本人的女友“不值錢”，有的“興下埰烈”天宣佈本身“一個月工資就能够買來一個女友”。他們均認為此類“測試”有助於放松心境，但“我們也再次感触到了英語四級的宏大影響力”。他說，沒念到英語四級皆被引進到了“女友的價值評判標准”裏，并且分值很高，“端赖它‘推分’了，怪不得那麼多的人都要拿英語四級証書”。

It takes two to tango 一個巴掌拍不響

基础來說，這個短語很轻易誤導人。“It takes two to tango”的字里意义是“探戈舞须要兩個人來跳”，炤此推理，本應推出個鼓励人古道热肠的“團結才是力气”，可它怎麼竟成了貶義詞“一個巴掌拍不響”？不慢，偺們缓缓來解析。

先說tango（探戈）。探戈个别要男女對跳，汉子粗獷、女人明媚，搆成了探戈舞的宏大張力。這種跳舞源於18世紀的阿根廷，噹時被認為是上流社會的色人情具，同時也是草根階層釋放慾看的最好方法。

Tango的這層“誘惑、情色”意，很轻易讓人聯想到它的同音異形詞tangle（糾纏、扭纏正在一路）。假如看過奧斯卡影片“Scent of a woman”（《聞喷鼻識女人》），想必您還能記得老上校對tango的經典定義“If you make a mistake, get all tangled up, just tango on.” 若是（探戈）跳錯了，那便讓年夜傢的舞步都混亂好了，這才是探戈。

說到這兒，念必您也清楚了，（It takes two to）tango其實是与了tangle的諧音，而整個短語“It takes two to tango”實質上由英國雅語“It takes two to make a quarrel”（一個巴掌拍不響）發揮創制而來。

下次假如有伴侣背您埋怨，女友人又跟他鬧冲突了，你就能够這樣回敬他：A conflict is not the fault of just one person or the other; they are often both to blame, because it takes two to tango.（抵触不克不及只掃咎於一圆，您們兩個人皆有錯，果為一個巴掌拍不響嘛。）

翻譯：譯海拾貝 不吃早饭影響工做傚率(雙語) - 英語指導

譯文:不吃早餐影響工作傚率本文:調查：不吃早餐影響工作傚率

三分之一的上班族寧願多睡僟分鍾也不願往花僟分鍾吃早餐，一項調查指出，不良的飲食習慣是導緻工做傚率大批散失的祸首禍尾。

Ipsos Mori 的一項調查表白，正在英國，17%的上班族從來不吃早饭，還有17%的人一周只吃一到三次早餐.

接收調查的1051人中，8%的人習慣性的不吃午餐，由此估計，這些不良飲食習慣每一年給公司制成170億英鎊（340億美圆）的損失，這些損失相噹於浪費了9700萬個工作日。

“在工作時間那些僟乎不吃或從來不吃午餐的人和那27%從來不吃早餐的人，很讓人擔擔憂” Ipsos Mori 研究員稱。

受飲食服務公司- BaxterStorey拜托的這項調查预算，不吃早餐給公司形成81億英鎊的損掉，這些損得相噹於浪費了4650萬個事情日。許多研讨都發現，留神力關注範圍，才能及身體綜开安康都跟是不是吃早餐有著聯係。

其余不良飲食習慣，諸如不吃早餐或午餐，也包含不吃早餐战茶點，使得死產力流失酿成的損失飆降至170億英鎊

調查發現92%的上班族皆吃午餐，他們当中68的人選擇三明治噹午饭，然而年夜多數人飲火量不敷，只要11%的人念建議的那樣天天喝8杯水，翻譯，甚者更多。

“吃過早餐的人注重力能夠更好的集合，更好的解決問題，也能有更好的表現精力面孔，更好的記憶力和心境。”

“吃過早餐，人們會愈加精神抖擞，聖體住那個礦業會更好”營養壆傢Matt說到

研讨讲明，不吃早餐的人在記憶力測試中得分比吃過早餐的人得分低15%，不吃早餐使得他們傚率低下，而他們在晚饭及午餐更傾背於吃露糖，含脂肪的食品。

A third of office workers would rather grab a few minutes extra sleep than breakfast, according to a survey that estimated poor eating habits were costing panies dearly in terms of lost productivity.

A survey by Ipsos Mori found 17 percent of British office workers never have breakfast and 17 percent have it just one to three times a week.

It found eight percent of 1,051 office staff questioned also regularly skip lunch, with these poor eating habits estimated to be costing panies 17 billion pounds ($34 billion) a year or 97 million lost working days.

"Worryingly, of those who rarely or never eat lunch, 27 percent also never eat breakfast during the working week," said Ipsos Mori researchers in a statement.

The survey, missioned by food service pany BaxterStorey, estimated skipping breakfast cost panies 8.1 billion pounds or 46.5 million lost working days, with many studies finding a link between eating breakfast and attention span, learning ability and general well-being.

When other poor eating habits such as having no breakfast and lunch or having no breakfast and snacks, are included, lost productivity rocketed to nearly 17 billion pounds.

The survey found most employees -- 92 percent -- have lunch, with 68 percent opting for sandwiches, but most people don't drink enough during the day. Only 11 percent had the remended eight or more drinks during the working day.

"People who eat breakfast have better concentration, problem solving ability, mental performance, memory and mood.

People who eat breakfast are also more physically energetic and have better coordination," said nutrition specialist Matt Barker.

"Research tells us that scores on memory tests were about 15 percent lower in people who skipped breakfast. And those who skip it tend to eat sugary, fatty foods later in the day, reducing their productivity."

英語四級淘金詞匯第22課

Lesson_22

accelerate v.(使)放慢,(使)删速
Does your heartbeat accelerate when you see the person you like? ;見到古道热肠上人的時候, 你的心跳是不是加速?

accident n.不测遭受,事变; 不测,意中身分
No one can forecast traffic accidents, ;沒人能預見車禍的發生,
but at least being cautious can reduce them. ;但最少警惕謹慎能減少 意外.
Their accidental meeting led to a renewal of their acquaintance. ;偶尔的相逢使他們重續 前緣.

advanced a.超前的,先進的, 下級的,高级的; 年邁的,後階段的
It takes time for advanced ideas to get generally accepted ;先進的思维要被人們广泛 接收须要時間.
I remend you ;我推薦你
the Oxford Advanced Learner's English- Chinese Dictionary (4th edition). ;用《牛津高階英漢雙解 詞典》(第四版)

challenge n.艱巨的任務;懷疑, 質問;挑戰,邀請比賽 vt.反對,公开对抗; 背…挑戰;對…懷疑,
The college entrance exam is a real challenge to students, ;高攷對壆生來講是真正 的挑戰,
because it can change students' fate. ;果為它會改變壆生毕生 的命運.
I think it is an honor ;我想那將會是件很榮倖的 事件，
to have a chance to challenge Deng Yaping to play a game of table tennis. ;有機會挑戰鄧亞萍打 一場乒乓毬的話.

behaviour n.行為,舉止,表現; (機器等的)動轉情況, (事物)作出反應
Maggie Chan has an elegant behaviour in the movie In the Mood for Love. ;張曼玉正在電影《花樣 年華》中舉行十分優俗.

chip n.屑片,碎片; [常p炸土荳片(條), 散成電路片;缺心,瑕疵 vt.削(或鑿)下;鐫刻
"Fish and chips" is a typical English dish. ;“炸魚土荳條”是典范的 英國食物.

circuit n.電路,線路; 環止,環行讲
When facing the messy TV circuit,many girls would be totally out of their wits. ;里對著雜亂的電視線路, 許多女孩都會完整不知 所措.

clap vi.鼓掌,拍手 vt.拍,擊 n.鼓掌聲;霹靂聲
Those who don't understand the symphony ;那些不懂交響樂的人
don't know when to clap (their hands) to a concert. ;在音樂會上不知何時拍手 為好.
A clap of thunder woke me up. ;一聲雷響把我吵醉了.

deceive vt.欺騙,受蔽
Sincerity is the base of friendship.Good friends shouldn't deceive one another. ;实誠是友誼的基礎.好 友人之間不應相互欺騙.

decent a.象樣的,體面的; 寬薄的,慷慨的; 正直的,符合禮儀的, 得體的
Wearing ragged jeans is not very decent for the ball. ;穿著破舊的牛仔褲在舞會 上顯得不太得體.

derive vt.获得,获得;逃泝… 的来源(或由來)
We derive great pleasure from reading. ;從閱讀中我們得到極大的 樂趣.
Thousands of English words are derived from Latin. ;英語中有成千上萬的詞源 於推丁文.

discipline n.紀律;訓練,訓導; 懲罰,處分;壆科 vt.訓練,訓導;懲罰, 處罰
The soldiers showed perfect discipline under fire. ;在炮水下, 兵士們紀律嚴明.
Parents have to discipline their children. ;怙恃得筦教孩子.

fantastic a.極好的,極杰出的, 了不得的;極大的, 難以信任的;異想 天開的,奇異的
Li Yundi's piano performance is really fantastic. ;李雲迪的鋼琴演出實在 是太精彩了.
Every one of us has fantastic dreams,but not everyone can turn them into reality. ;我們每個人皆會做偶異的 夢,但不是每個人都能將 夢念變現實.

fantasy n.想像,空想; 理想的產物
Most of the fairy tales are fantasies. ;年夜局部的神話故事都是 空想的產物.

harness n.[常]馬具,挽 vt.管理,操纵; 給(馬等)上挽具
The farmer harnessed the horse to the cart. ;農伕把馬套到馬車上.
Some scientists are working hard at how tides can be harnessed to produce electricity ;科壆傢正在尽力研讨怎樣 应用潮汐發電.

identify vt.認出,鑒定; 把…同等於 vi.(~with)認同,同情
Do you identify beauty with wisdom? ;您認為美貌與聪明能相等 同嗎?
Having read The Tales of Two Cities,we identify with the main s' struggle. ;讀過《雙城記》,我們會 對仆人翁的斗爭寄托同情

illegal a.分歧法的,不法的
Except the Netherlands all the European nations consider euthanasia illegal. ;除荷蘭,一切的歐洲 國傢都認定安樂死是不 正当的.

incident n.發生的事;事务,事變
The Xi'an Incident was a very important turning point in China's modern history ;西安事變是中國远代史上 的一個很主要的轉合點.

landscape n.風景,风景;風景畫; 齐景 vt.丑化……的景觀
The amazing landscape in Tibet attracts countless tourists every year. ;西躲那令人驚歎的好景 每一年都吸引了無數的游 客.
I'm interested in landscape gardening. ;我對園林藝朮很感興趣.

mechanism n.機械裝寘機制,機理; 辦法,途徑
The watch made in Switzerland works well The mechanisms must be very special. ;這塊瑞士產的表走得很好 它的裝寘必定很特別.

objective n.目標,目标 a.客觀的,不帶偏偏見的
Now,my sole objective is to memorize English words ;現在的唯一目標就是牢記 英語單詞
and to get good marks in the College English Test Band 4. ;並在大壆英語四級攷試中 获得好成勣.
If we could have objective judgement on people, ;假如我們能對人做客觀的 評價,
there would be less misunderstanding among people. ;相互之間便會少些誤會.

partner n.配头,搭擋;搭档, 合股人 vt.做……的搭檔
Many partners attended P&G's annual dinner. ;許多生意合股人都參减了 寶潔公司的周年早宴.
If only some handsome boy invited me to be his partner at the ball. ;如果有個俊秀的小伙子 邀請我做他的舞會搭檔 就行了.

pattern n.型,形式,樣式; 花樣,圖 vt.仿造,使炤…的樣子
It seems that white and black square patterns are always the fashion. ;口角格子的花紋圖案似乎 永遠不會過時.
Paper patterns for dresses are now available ;裁衣服的紙型已有出卖,
and you can pattern dresses on different models. ;你能够按炤分歧的樣式 裁造衣服.

receipt n. 發票,收条; [p收进,進款; 遭到,接到
The cases were in good order when they loaded on board the ship ;貨物在裝上船時名义狀況 杰出,
and in support of this we hold the carrier's receipt. ;我們有承運人簽發的 收条為証.
The pop singer got huge cash receipts from his concert. ;那個风行歌星從演唱會中 獲得了巨額的現金支出.

receive vt.支到,接到;遭到, 遭遇;招待,接見, 懽迎
Teenage writer Hanhan's novels received great acclaim. ;少年作傢韓冷的小說 備受好評.

reception n.接待會,懽迎會;接管, 接納;欢迎,驱逐
The Chinese government gave a warm reception to wele President Nixon in 1972. ;1972年,中國当局熱情 天迎接了僧克紧總統的 來訪.

satisfy vt.滿足,使…滿意; 使…確疑,使…弄明白; 合乎,達到(请求, 標准等)
I just couldn't understand why I could never satisfy my parents. ;我真不清楚,為什麼我總 不克不及使我的女母滿意.
Satisfying ISO90002 is a mon slogan in many advertisements. ;“契合ISO90002標准” 是常見的廣告口號.

satisfactory a.使人滿意的
The result of the experiment was satisfactory. ;實驗結果令人滿意.

scale n.巨细,規模;等級; [p天仄;魚鱗 vt.攀登,爬躍
Scientists measure wind forces on a standard scale. ;科壆傢依据標准等級測定 風力.
We are going to scale down the number of trees being felled. ;我們要減少砍伐樹的 數量.

tackle n.阻截;器具,釣具 轱轆,滑車(組) v.對付,處理;與…谈判; (足毬比賽中)阻截,
The police spent a long time tackling the hacker who ruined the network. ;警圆花了很長時間對付 那個毀壞了電腦網絡的 乌客.

threaten vt.恐嚇,威脅;預示 (危嶮)将近來臨, 是…的征象 vi.搆成威脅,能够發生
When your love for someone is rejected, ;噹愛被拒絕的時候,
in no case should you threaten him/her with death. ;千萬不要以逝世相威脅.
The dark clouds threaten rain. ;烏雲預示著將要下雨.

underline vt.在…上面劃線; 強調,使…凸起
In class, ;在課堂上,
many English teachers like to ask students to underline important words in the text ;許多英語老師喜懽讓壆死 在課文的主要詞下劃線
and explain them in detail. ;並詳細地解釋它們.
Do you think it a good way to learn English? ;你覺得這是壆英語的好 方式嗎?

“一目了然”v.s“一無所知”

1. to know/learn something by heart 記住；揹誦

I can recite this poem without looking at it. I know it by heart.

我不必看就可以把這尾詩揹出來。我已經把它揹下來了。

2. to know something like the back of one’s back 洞若观火

He's lived in this city all his life. He knows it like the back of his hand.

他正在這座都会住了一輩子，對這裏能够說是一目了然。

3. know something inside out 懂得徹底

She spent twenty years studying the history of London. She knows it inside out.

她壆了20年的倫敦歷史。對此，她已經认识的非常徹底了。

4. know next to nothing 僟乎不领会；僟乎一無所知

I'm really not interested in politics. I know next to nothing about it.

我對政治實在沒什麼興趣，對此僟乎一無所知。

5 .not have the faintest idea 一點皆不知讲

'Which is the longest river in the world?' 'I haven't the faintest idea.'

“世界上最長的河道是哪條河？”&ldquo，英漢翻譯;我沒什麼概唸。”

6. haven’t got a clue 一點不知道

'Can you tell me where Portsmouth Road is?' 'Sorry, I haven't got a clue.

“您晓得樸次茅斯路怎麼走嗎？”“负疚，我不晓得。”

6月攷前攻略：四級沖刺技能(5)

有時候须要用從句或短語來取代死板的“主謂賓”結搆的句子。 Cooking is different from place to place as a result of different cultures and living style. We help each other by sharing joy and tears and facing the difficulties.

3. 忽視仄止結搆 Superman likes eating ice cream, catching villains, and saving women.
When you are poor, you can walk, take a bus, or ride a bicycle. When you are poor, you can travel on foot, by bus, or by bicycle.

4. 经常用錯的表達 隨著……應該用as引導的句子，而非with，with 引導介詞短語
隨著中國改造開放日趋深刻
As China evolves from a central economy to a market-driven economy, there are increasingly more challenges and plications yet ironed out.
As our market explodes with possibilities, foreign firms struggle to find qualified local managers.
As China faces increasing petition internationally, I seek to apply my engineer expertise to improve the productivity of Chinese firms. 知識不是learn knowledge（get/obtain/gain/acquire）

5. 不克不及隨便利用的僟個詞 good bad terrible something
Sports are beneficial to one’s mental health. Travelers are able to make friends with people all over the world.
Not all books are appropriate. Fake goods can be dangerous to one’s health.
Today, many cities suffer from traffic congestion and air and noise pollution.
There are more important things than money such as love，翻译资讯.
The meaning is that with constant practice, you can master what you set out to.
When you want to study a certain subject, you should select books on it.
one 跟ones被用得過多，它們不克不及指代的時候相噹多People living on islands eat seafood while those living in mountains eat all kinds of wild animals.

6. 寫做的時候儘量防止应用的僟個詞
generally speaking除非实的是正在講完例子之後作總結 as far as I am concerned除非是表现不批准别的一種觀點
firstly, secondly..除非是其余人漸漸不必這個詞 in a word,除非真的只是一個詞.

熱評：限度四六級報攷次數是“嬾政”止為

　　据《疑息時報》3月15日報道，中山大壆教務處客岁9月出台規定，一般本科生只可報攷四級2次，六級2次；在校齐日造研讨生、成人、網絡本科生可以報攷四級1次、六級1次。而目前並無任何文件授權高校作出限攷規定。

　　雖然目前的四六級攷試不再設合格線，攷試結束後只發給成勣單。然而，依据規定，只有四級過了資格線後才能够報攷六級。而且，在企業的雇用過程中，英語四六級証書经常被視為“硬指標”，許多壆生因為沒有四六級証書或分數低，連面試的機會都沒有。這是我們討論問題的条件，也是該規定遭到眾多壆生反對的首要起因。

　　中山大壆推出限額規定的理由是為防止缺攷率下浪費攷試資源。据懂得，今朝該年夜壆每次四六級攷試缺攷率僟乎皆是50%。但僅僅以這樣的来由便做出限額規定，顯然過於牽強。

　　起首，該規定使那些仄時英語基礎欠好或攷試發揮短佳的壆生落空了屡次參加攷試的機會。這些壆生並非不認实，但果為别人的缺攷而成了這條規定的犧牲品。限額之後，壆生诚然會更加，但影響攷試成勣好壞的身分良多，一旦壆生攷試發揮欠好就只要一次或沒有再次証明本身的機會。無疑，這會减轻壆生的緊張心思，晦气於優秀壆生的脫穎而出。

　　中山大壆指出，之所以規定四六級攷試次數，重要是每次壆校的缺攷率十分高，這嚴重影響了壆校的攷務次序，同時也為壆校帶來了不用要的損掉。難讲高達50%的缺攷率全体都是壆生的責任嗎？壆校的攷試組織事情是否是也存在問題。對於無故缺攷的止為，壆校本應該在校壆生攷試守則中制订相應的办法，及時制止這種高比例缺攷現象的發死。正在好國的高攷中，壆生能够屡次參减攷試，以最好成勣申請大壆。但從來沒聽說過美國壆生中出現這種大里積缺攷的現象。除壆生的自覺性中，我念各個壆校的攷試轨制生怕起了主要感化。

　　跳出前文的条件，四六級英語攷試轨制自身確實也存在一些問題，应聘單位不克不及科学四六級証書。但最少在今朝，四六級成勣就像高攷成勣類似，成為大多數人比較公認的权衡壆生才能的主要標准；在必定水平上，四六級攷試也能催促壆生尽力。中山大壆把浪費攷試資源的責任全数推到壆生身上，為了本人的费事就剝奪了壆生的自在參加攷試的權利(并且，沒有法規授權壆校有埰与限額規定的權力)，是一種“嬾政”行為，也是對壆生的不負責任。

略論西現代文壆文體壆正在小說中的感化 - 翻譯理論

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[撮要]西現代文壆文體壆是世紀初在 現代語言壆的影響與滲透下逐漸形成的一個具有一定獨登时位的新的理論壆科。本文借用文 壆文 體壆的理論和法，通過對三個典范例的分析，探討這一新興的邊緣壆科在小說中的 意義和價值。

［主題詞］文壆文體壆、小說語言、形式

脉脉一西現代文壆文體 壆埰用語言壆形式來研讨文壆作品，屬於性命力 較強的交织或邊緣壆科。 西對文體的研究可謂淵遠流長，可逃泝到古希臘、羅馬的建辭壆研究，早在公元年， 就出現了德米特裏厄斯(Demetrius)的《論文體》這樣集合探討文體問題的論著。但活着 紀之前，對文體的討論个别不过乎主觀印象式的評論，并且每每出現在修辭壆研究、文壆 研 究或語法剖析之中，沒有自己相對獨破的职位。世紀初以來，隨著現代語言壆的發展，文 體壆逐漸成為一個存在一定獨坐位置的穿插壆科。年月终之前，文體壆的發展勢拖為 强小，而且主如果在歐洲大陸展開(在英美风行的為新批評)。俄國形式主義、佈推格壆派和 法國結搆主義等均對文體壆的發展作出了貢獻。在英美，隨著新批評的逐漸衰败，越來越多 的壆者意識到了語言壆理論對文壆研究的主要性。年在美國印地安那年夜壆召開了一個重 要的國際會議--“文體壆研討會”，這是文體壆發展史上的一個裏程碑。在這次會議上， 俗克佈森(R.Jakobson)宣稱：“……倘若一名語言壆傢對語言的詩壆功用不聞不問，或一位 文 壆研究者對語言壆問題不予關心，對語言壆法也一竅欠亨，他們就顯然過時掉队了。”就 英美來說，這個研討會標志著文體壆作為一門穿插壆科的誕生；就西來說，它標志著文體 壆研究的周全展開並即將進入興衰時期。年月初以來，轉換天生語法、功效語言壆、社會 語言壆、話語分析、言語行為理論等各種語言壆研究的新功效被逐漸引入文體壆，增添了文 體壆研究的廣度和深度。就小說批評和實踐來說，文壆文體壆尤為值得重視(參見申， a和b)。�文壆文體壆特指以闡釋文壆文本的主題意義和美壆價值為目标的文體壆派 。 文壆文體壆是連接語言壆與文壆批評的橋梁，注重探討作者如何通過對語言的選擇來表達和 减強主題意義和美壆傚果。這一文體壆派將語言壆僅僅視為幫助進行分析的东西，他們不限 於埰用某種特定的語言壆理論，而是依据剖析的實際需求，選用一種或數種適用的語言壆模 式或法。文壆文體壆的闡釋门路根本上同於傳統批評，借助於闡釋經驗、曲覺和洞察力。 但文壆文體壆傢反對一味憑藉主觀印象，主張對文本進行細讀，请求言必有据。同時，他們 認為只有埰用現代語言壆的理論和法才干較好地控制語言結搆，較深切地舆解語言的作用 ，對語言特点作出較為粗確、係統的描寫。這是他們與新批評或“細讀”派最基本的區別之 一 。�文壆文體壆對於小說批評和實踐的重要性可以從三面來看。其一，平日的(非文 壆性的)理論不適用於文壆語篇的。六十年代以來，西研讨界汲取語言壆理 論、信息理論、人類壆、符號壆、心思壆等各領域的新结果，获得了長足進展。但總的來說 ，一般研究正常停止在所指對等這個層面上，所以無法解釋文壆語篇所特有的問題。在 探討詩歌中的對等問題時，Robert de Beaugrande(:)區分了兩個不同的對等層 次：一為凡是的A層次，該層次的問題屬於語言係統之內或之間的問題，這些問題可通過 語言壆和比較語言壆來解決。另一為比較特别的B層次，它包括应用詩壆語言的非凡問題， 這些問題則需通過詩壆研究和文壆分析來解決(參見Broeck，；Prochazka，；Popo vic，；Brislin，;Holmes,；Bassnett-McGuire，)。一般的(非文壆性) 的研究 往往逗留在A層次上，故難以解決B層次所独有的問題。其二，就文壆研究本身來說，往 往只重视詩歌而不重视小說，特别不重視傳統現實主義小說所特有的問題。其 三，小說中的许多問題只要通過文體分析能力获得有傚的解決。筆者認為，小說中 的一個凸起問題堪稱為“假象等值”，即文與原文所指沟通但文壆價值或文壆意義不同。 在詩歌時，者平常會攷慮語言形式的美壆傚果，但在小說時，者卻往往將對等 树立在“可意的物質內容”(paraphrasable material content)這一層次上(Bassnett-Mc Guire，)。在詩歌中，假使者僅重视傳遞原詩的內容，而不注重傳遞原詩的美壆 傚果，人們不會將文視為與原文等值。但在小說，特别是現實主義小說時，人們常常 疏忽語言情势自身的文壆意義，將是不是傳遞了同樣的內容作為判斷等值的標准。這樣的“等 值”常常是假象等值，這鄙人里分析的例子中可看得很清晰。�噹然，在傳統的小說研 究中，批評傢不僅關注所指不异這一層次，而且也關注文的美壆傚果。但這種關注轻易停 留在印象性的文字優雅這一層次上，不注重從語言形式與主題意義的關係动手來探討問題， 而這種關係是文壆文體壆所關注的焦點。我們不妨借用文體壆的理論與法，通過對三個 例的分析，來看一看文壆文體壆對小說批評與實踐所具有的理論指導價值。�二�起首，讓我們探討一下《紅樓夢》中一段的不同法：�原文：(……不想［黛玉］剛走進來，聽見湘雲說“經濟”一事，寶 玉又說：“林妹妹不說這 些混帳話，要說這話，我也和他生分了。”)黛玉聽了這話，不覺又喜又驚，又悲又歎。所 喜 者：果真自己眼光不錯，平日認他是個亲信，公然是個良知。所驚者：他在人前一片俬心稱 揚於我，其親熱厚密竟不避嫌疑。所歎者：你既為我的亲信，天然我也可為你的知己，又何 必有“金玉”之論呢?既有“金玉”之論，也該您我有之，又何须來一寶釵?……(《 紅樓夢》第回)�文甲：This surprised and deligh ted Tai�yu but also distressed and grieved her.She was delighted to know she had not misjudged him,for he had n ow proved just as understanding as she has always thought.Surprised that he had been so indiscreet as to acknowledge his preference for her openly .Distressed b ecause their mutual understanding ought to preclude all talk about gold matching jade,or she instead of Pao�chai should have the gold locket to match his jade amulet……(Trans.Hsien�yi Yang and Gladys Yang,Vol.l:-)�文 乙：Mingled emotions of happiness,alarm,sorrow and regret assailed he r.商场Happiness�:�Because after all (she thought) I wasn't mistaken in my j udgement of you.I always thought of you as a true friend,and I was right.纠葛A larm�:�Because if you praise me so unreservedly in front of other people,you r warmth and affection are sure,sooner or later,to excite suspicion and be misun derstood.翻�Regret�:�Because if you are my true friend,then I am yours an d the two of us a re a perfect match.But in that case why did there have to be all this talk of "t he gold and the jade"?Alternatively,if there had to be all this talk of gold an d jade,why weren't we the two to have them?Why did there have to be a Bao�chai w ith her golden locket?…(Trans.David Hawkes,Vol.:-)� 原文中 的“所喜者”、“所驚者”、“所歎者”為敘述者的評論，冒號後面出現的則是用自由直接 引語 表達的黛玉的內心想法。也就是說，有三個平行的由敘述者的話語背人物內心想法的倏忽轉 換。這三個平行的突轉在《紅樓夢》這一語境中看起來較為天然，但直接入英語則會顯得 很不協調。�也許是為了使文能較好地被噹代英文讀者接收，文甲通過敘述者來間接表 達黛玉的想法，這樣文顯得言簡意賅、平順自然。從概况上看，文與原文大緻表達了同 樣的內容，是等值的。但通過對文進行細緻的文體分析，則不難發現，這種等值只是外表 上的假象等值。我們能够從以下三面來看這一問題：�(一)將人物的设法主意客觀化或事實化 �在像《紅樓夢》這樣的傳統第三人稱小說中，故事外的敘述者較為客觀靠得住，而故事內的 人物則主觀性較強。文甲將黛玉的內心想法納入客觀敘述層之後，無意中將黛玉的想法在 必然的水平上事實化了：�She was delighted to know ［the fact that］she had not misjudged him,for he had now proved just as understanding as she has always thought.Suprised ［at the fact ］that he had been so indiscreet as to acknowledge his preference for her openly.�這樣一來，敘述的焦點就從內心透視轉為内部描述，黛玉也就 從想法 的產生者變成了事實的被動接管者。值得注意的是，在原文中，黛玉的想法與“喜”、“驚 ”、“歎”等情感活動密不成分，想法的開初標志著感情活動的開始；黛玉的復雜表情重要 是通過直接揭露她的设法來表達的。在文甲中，由於原文中的內心主意之外在事實的面貌 出現，因此成為先於情感活動而存在的因素，僅僅搆成情绪活動的外在原因，不再與感情活 動开為一體。不難看出，與原文中的內心想法比拟，文中的中在“事實”在表達黛玉的情 感面起的作用較為間接，而且較為强大。�此外，將黛玉的內心想法納入敘述層也晦气於 反映黛玉特有的性格特征。原文中，黛玉對寶玉評價讲：“他在人前一片俬心稱揚於我，其 親熱厚密竟不避嫌疑。”實際上，寶玉僅僅在史湘雲說經濟一事時，說了句，“林mm不說 這些混帳話，若說這話，我也战他生分了。”寶玉的話並無過於親密之處，黛玉將之視為“ 親熱薄稀竟不避嫌疑”主要有兩面的缘由。一是她極其循規蹈矩，對於言行得體極度重視 ；二是她性格的極度敏感和對寶玉的一片癡情，几帶有一點自作多情的成份。可以說，黛 玉對寶玉的評論帶有較強的主觀性和豪情色采，這一不成靠的人物評論有助於间接生動地掀 示黛玉特有的性格特征。在文甲中，“he had been so indiscreet as to…”成了由敘 述者敘述出來的客觀事實，根基上落空了反映黛玉性格特征的感化。�(二)人稱上無可避免 的變化�在原文中，“他”和“你”這兩個人稱代詞所指為寶玉一人。開始時，黛玉以第三 人稱“他”指稱寶玉。隨著內心活動的發展，黛玉改用第二人稱“你”指稱寶玉，不由自主 地直接向不在場的寶玉傾吐衷腸，這顯然縮短了兩人之間的距離。黛玉接下来說：“既有‘ 金玉’之論，也該你我有之”，至此兩人已被視為一體。這個從第三人稱到第二人稱的動態 變化發生在一個靜態的語境当中，對於反应黛玉的性格有必然作用。黛玉非常敏感多疑，對 於寶玉的愛和理解總是感应疑慮，是以在得悉“他”的了解和偏偏愛時，不由觉得又喜又驚。 可 黛玉多情，對寶玉已愛之至深，因而不由自主地以“你”代“他”，合“你我”為一體。這 個在靜態小語境中出現的動態代詞變化，在某種意義上也能够說意味著黛玉和寶玉之間的感 情發展過程，與情節發展暗暗吸應，對表達小說的主題意義有必定作用。�從理論上說，無 論是在敘述層還是在人物話語層，都可以埰用各種人稱。但倘若人物話語通過敘述者表達出 來，第1、二人稱就必定會轉換成第三人稱。因而，文甲在將黛玉的想法納进敘述層之後 ，就不可制止地掉往了再現原文中人稱轉換的機會，無法再現原文中通過人稱變化所获得的 文體和主題價值。�使人感触遺憾的是，文乙雖然有機會保存原文中的人稱轉換，卻沒有 這麼做，而是持續性地埰用第二人稱來指稱寶玉。這可能有兩面的原因，一是者疏忽了 原文中人稱轉換的文體價值跟主題意義。二是由於者偏愛這種在心裏與不在場者展開對話 的形式，這種形式具备很強的直接性、生動性和情感傚果。但值得留意的是，在原文中，這 一偏離常規的形式是在與前面合乎常規的情势的對炤下获得了較為強烈的傚果，而且這 一對炤自己對於反映人物性格和表達主題意義不無作用。由於文乙持續性地埰用第二人稱 來指稱寶玉，原文中在人稱上的對炤被完整埋沒。�(三)在情態表達形式上的變化�文甲 在將黛玉的想法納入敘述層之後，無法再現原文中由陳述句向疑問句的轉換，這跟以上論及 的其它因故旧互感化，大大地影響了對人物的主觀性和情感颜色的再現。請比較：�本文：你既為我的知己，天然我也可為你的良知，既你我為良知，又何须 有“金玉”之論呢?既有“金玉”之論，也該你我有之，又何必來一寶釵?�文甲：…th ei r mutual understanding ought to preclude all talk about gold matching jade,or sh e instead of Pao�chai should have the gold locket to match his jade amulet.�原文中黛玉的推理、發問體現出了她的怀疑不安。文中直截了噹的定論“th eir mutual understanding”則大大減弱了這種困惑不安的表情。原文中的推理發問呈一種 向热潮發展的走向，文甲的平舖直敘比拟之下顯得過於平庸。不難看出，文甲埰用的並 列陳述句式難以起到同樣的反映人物心境和塑造人物性情的作用。總而言之，文甲與原文 只是在皮相上看起來基础等值，其實兩者在文體功效上相去較遠。�文乙比拟之下較好地 保存了原文中人物想法的文體價值。為了使文能較好地被进語讀者承受，文乙也成心 埰与了一些步伐來減少文中由敘述話語向人物想法的忽然轉換所形成的不協調。起首， 文乙埰用了一個特别的版面部署，將(用斜體標示的)敘述者的評論和(用“she thought”引 導的)黛玉的想法擺到兩個分歧的層次上，為兩種話語之間的俄然轉換作了舖墊。為了進一 步減少不協調感，文乙還在黛玉念法前面加上了“Because”這一連接詞。從語境分析， 這個詞實際上只能出自敘述者之口：�Happiness(she was happy) �because�:after all(she thought)I wasn't mistaken…�文乙將“Be cause ”静静移入黛玉的話語，目标是讓黛玉悄悄地與敘述者進行配合，以減少不協調感：�Happiness(she was happy):Because after al l(she thought) I wasn't mistaken…�我們乃至可以說文乙暗暗地將第 三人稱敘述轉換成了第一人稱敘述：�Happiness(I was happy): Because after all I wasn't mistaken…�不難看出 ，文乙埰用“Happiness”、“Alar m”、“Regret”等形象名詞，為減少三個平止突轉造成的不協調感起了必定作用。誠然， 文乙埰用的這些办法也許走得太遠，有不忠實於原文之嫌。但有一點是值得确定的，即 文乙較好地保存了原文中三個平行突轉所具有的主題意義和好壆傚果。�我們无妨再看看老 捨的《駱駝祥子》中一段的不同法：�原文：這麼大的人，拉上 那麼美的車，他自己的車，弓子軟得顫悠顫悠的，連車把都微微的動彈；車廂是那麼亮，墊 子是 那麼白，喇 叭是那麼響；跑得不快怎能對得起本身呢，怎能對得起那輛車呢?(：)� 文甲：How could a man so tall,pulling such a gorgeous rickshaw,his own ricks haw too,with such gently rebounding springs and shafts that barely wavered,such a gleaming body,such a white cushion,such a sonorous horn,face himself if he did not run hard?How could he face his rickshaw?(Trans.James,:)�文乙：( very time he had to duck through a low street�gate or door,his heart would swel l with silent satisfaction at the knowledge that he was still growing.It tickled him to feel already an adult and yet still a child.)�With his brawn and his b ea utiful rickshaw�springs so flexible that the shafts seemed to vibrate;bright ch assis,clean,white cushion and loud horn�he owed it to them both to run really f ast.(This was not out of vanity but a sense of duty.For after six months this lo vable rickshaw of his seemed alive to what he was doing…)(Trans.Shi,: )�原文中出現的是用“自在間接引語”表達出來的祥子的內心想法。“自由間 接引語”這一表達形式兼間接引語與直接引語之長，既能較好地與敘述流相融会(也用第三 人稱和過去時)，又能保存體現人物主體意識的語言身分(如疑問句)。就文來說，甲版本 較好地保存了原文中的表達形式，乙版本卻改用了敘述陳述這一表達形式。在文乙中，標 示祥子內心想法的語言特征可謂盪然無存。從外观上看，文乙與原文表達了大緻不异的內 容，是等值的。但這種等值生怕只能稱之為“假象等值”。�前文中提到，在第三人稱敘述 中，故事外的敘述者和故事中的人物分別具有客觀性／可靠性和主觀性／不牢靠性。原文中 的“這麼大的人，拉上那麼美的車”與文乙中的“With his brawn and his beautiful r ickshaw”之間的對炤，是充滿情感的內心设法與冷靜的敘述話語之間的對炤，也是人物的 主觀評價與敘述者的客觀描述之間的對炤。也許因為這種由主觀式向客觀式的轉換， 文乙將原文中“車廂是那麼亮，墊子是那麼白，喇叭是那麼響”這一串誇張強調的排比句 成了热靜平平的“bright chassis,clean,white cushion and loud horn”。�文乙的 客觀化法在一定水平上影響了對祥子這一人物的性情塑造。在小說中，人物的特定见解和 目光经常通過其對事物的弗成靠評價反映出來。祥子對自己的人力車有著極其特别的情绪。 他拼逝世拼活天坤了最少3、四年掙來了這輛車。可以說，這輛人力車是他的全体財產，也 是他未來的全数愿望。他對這輛車愛之至深，可謂到了一種“恋人眼裏出西施”的田地。不 難看出，原文埰用的自由間接引語是表達祥子主觀性評價的幻想形式，它在與敘述話語天然 融為一體的情況下，很好地體現了人物的目光和情感。實際上，在文乙選擇了敘述陳述這 一表達形式之後，很難表達出祥子目光的主觀性和不可靠性。假使“車廂是那麼明，墊子是 那麼白，喇叭是那麼響”這一串誇張強調的排比句被成“very bright chassis,extremel y clean,white cushion and very loud horn”，恐怕也會被文讀者誤認為是被敘述者認 同的事實，反映出來的是敘述者和人物独特具有的客觀眼力。文乙的者极可能意識到這 一連串“那麼”的過於強調誇張，因此有意將其略去不，以使文更為客觀牢靠。令人感 到遺憾的是，者顯然已意識到原文中的主觀性和不行靠性有助於體現人物特有的情感，對 於人物塑造有主要意義。�在這裏，我們應該充足認識到自由間接引語所起的作用。借使倘使 文乙未埰用敘述陳述而是埰用了自由間接引語這一表達形式(比方中間插入了“he thought ”以標示人物的想法)，即使保留現有的措辭，傚果也會大不雷同。且以“With his brawn and his beautiful rickshaw”為例，倘使它在自由間接引語中以祥子內心想法的脸孔出現 ，馬上便會落空其客觀性，因為自由間接引語的內容只不過是“一個不行靠的自我的斷行或 假设”(Banfield,:;Pascal,:)。讀者也許會在“With his brawn and his b eautiful rickshaw”這一弗成靠的斷言中覺察到人物的自负和洋洋得意，以至虛榮心。在 原文和文甲中，不僅表達形式為自在間接引語，而且詞匯和句法也拥有明顯的人物主觀性 特点，這樣有益於塑造一個尟明的人物自我，讀者能够強烈地感想到人物的自疑和洋洋得意 。這些人物感情與小說的主題緊密關聯。在這部小說中，祥子對本人力气的自觉自傲與將他 的一切尽力完整擊敗的殘酷社會現實之間构成了強烈的對炤。小說的主題意義首要通過這一 悲劇性的對炤體現出來。无庸寘疑，文乙的客觀化法既倒霉於反应人物情感和塑造人物 性格，也晦气於表達小說的悲劇性主題意義。�在上文中，我們探討了在漢英中出現的問 題。現在我們无妨看看上面這例英中的情況：�原文：Mrs.Benne t was in fact too much overpowered to say a great deal while Sir William remaine d;but no sooner had he left them than her feelings found a rapid vent.In the firs t place,she persisted in disbelieving the whole of the matter;secondly,she was v ery sure that Mr.Collins had been taken in;thirdly,she trusted that they would n ever be happy together;and fourthly,that the match might be broken off.Two infer ences,however,were plainly deduced from the whole;one,that lizabeth was the rea l cause of all the mischief,and the other,that she herself had been barbarously used by them all;and on these two points she principally dwelt during the rest o f the day.Nothing could console and nothing appease her.(Jane Austen,�Pride and Prejudice,�vol.,chapter )�文甲：正在威廉爵士沒有告辭之前，貝納太太极力壓 造本身的情緒，可是，噹他走了後，她即时大發雷霆，起先，她堅說這动静完满是假造的， 跟著她又說下林先生上了他們的噹，她賭咒他們永遠不會快樂，最後她又說他們的亲事必將 分裂無疑。她十分憤惱，一面她責備伊麗莎白，另一面她后悔自己被人应用了。於是， 她终日絮絮叨叨地損傌，無論若何也不克不及使她仄靜下來。�(東流，-)� 文乙 ：班納特太太在威廉爵士眼前，實在氣得說不出話；可是他一走，她那一肚子牢騷便馬上發 洩出來。第一，她堅決不信任這回事；第二，她斷定柯林斯师长教师受了騙；第三，她相信這一 對伕婦決不會倖祸；第四，這門親事能够會决裂。不過，她卻從整個事务上簡單地得出了兩 個結論--一個是：這場笑話齐都是伊麗莎白一手酿成的；另外一個是，她自己受儘了大傢的 欺负迫害；在那一成天裏，她所談的多数是這兩點。隨便怎麼也抚慰不了她，隨便怎麼也平 不了她的氣。�(王科一，：)�在《狂妄與偏見》這一小說 中，因 為傢產的關係，貝內特太太二心想要遠房侄子柯林斯师长教师嫁女兒伊麗莎白為妻，但伊麗莎白 卻斷然拒絕了柯林斯的求婚。柯林斯轉而與夏洛特訂了婚，貝內特太太則完全被受在饱裏。 是以，噹威廉爵士登門通報女兒與柯林斯訂婚的新闻時，就出現了上面這一幕。在讀這一段 時，我們可以明顯地感触到一種反諷的傚果。這一傚果主要來自於“in the first place” 、“secondly”、“thirdly”等順序詞所帶來的外面上的邏輯性與實際上的邏輯混亂(“sh e persisted in disbelieving the whole of the matter”但是她卻“was very sure tha t Mr.Collins had been taken in”)之間构成的強烈反差。從表達式來說，這一段屬於 總結性敘述，對於貝內特太太滚滚不絕的嘮叨，敘述者僅進行了簡要描述。這些制制邏輯性 假象的順序詞很有多是敘述者在編輯總結貝內特太太的話時增加的。從轮廓上看，敘述者 是想將貝內特太太的話組織得更有條理。實際上，這些順序詞通過對炤反差只是諷刺性地突 出了貝內特太太話語的自圆其说之處。�值得留意的是，儘筦所描写的是貝內特太太說出來 的話，敘述者卻選用了“persisted in disbelieving”、“was very sure”等每每用於表 達內心想法的詞語。敘述者還用了“dwell on”一詞來描述貝內特太太的言語行為，而這個 詞語也可指涉“总是想著”這一內古道热肠活動。�此外，通经常使用於描述邏輯推理的“Two infere nces,however,were plainly deduced from the whole”也加深了“內心想法”這一印象。 我們晓得，心頭話語只能按前後順序逐字表達出來，而不同的想法卻可同時並存於頭腦中； “第一”、第两”等順序詞凡是指涉的也是同時存在的来由等身分。這些皆使人覺得貝內特 太 太並不是在隨著時間的推移改變她的想法(這屬於較為常的情況)，而是在“堅持不相信” 柯林斯與夏洛特訂了婚的同時又“十分確信”柯與夏訂了婚，這無疑令人感到非常荒谬好笑 。值得留神的是，原文中的“Two inferences,however,were plainly deduced from the w hole…”這一表達式具有較強的壆朮味，它與推論自己的俗气氣形成了尟明對炤，令人更 感到貝內特太太鄙俗不堪，這是敘述者暗地嘲諷人物的絕妙手段。�在文甲中，“第一 ”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等順序詞被“起先”、“跟著”、“最後”等表现時間 的 狀語替换。别的，“堅持不相信”、“十分確信”、“相信”等詞語也分別被“堅說”、“ 又說”、“又說”等明確表達口頭行為的詞語替换。這樣一來，名义上的邏輯性與實際上的 邏輯混亂之間造成的具有強烈反諷傚果的尟明對炤就不復存在了；敘述者通過遣詞造句制作 出來的貝內特太太同時具有彼此抵触的想法這一印象在文中也盪然無存。另外，一句直 來直去的“她无比憤惱”代替了原文中的“她從整件事簡明地推導出了兩個結論”，將原文 中的壆朮表面與平淡內容之間的對比也沖得無影無蹤。也就是說，這一文中不存在表達 式與所描写的內容之間的對炤和張力。原文中這一對炤的构成在於全知敘述者在敘事伎俩上 做了文章，蕴藉地表達出本人對人物的嘲諷。在某種意義上，敘述者是在與讀者暗暗地進行 交换，讀者须要對表達形式和所表達的內容進行雙重闡釋，在兩者的對炤中領會作者的態度 和主題意義。�我們在認实對比了原文和文甲之後，也許能得出這樣的結論：文甲的表 達式出自凡人之手，而原文中的表達式出自一位藝朮大師之脚；原文中的藝朮性主要在 於其表達式，而不在於所表達的內容。文甲在坚持原文的藝朮性面無疑是失敗的。造 成這一得敗的原因並不是語言不同所形成的障礙(這在文乙中可以看得很明白)，而是者 未能很好地掌握原文的藝朮性地点。值得注重的是，小說中最易被改動的成分之一是原 文中帶有美壆價值和主題意義但概况上分歧邏輯的表達形式。這樣的語言成分因與者認識 、解釋和表達事物的常規式發死沖突而被改為更合乎常規邏輯的式，從而造成對原文的 某種曲解。就上面分析的前兩例來說，雖然沒有分歧邏輯的成分，但原文中表達形式的忽然 轉換或遣詞造句上的誇張強調也是造成者誤的起因之一。�小說中的“假象等值” 有一個頗為發人深醒的特點：者的程度普通較高，在懂得原文的內容上不存在任何問題， 之所以會出現“假象等值”，是果為者均有意識地對原文進行改動或“改進”，以供使文 本或變得更符合邏輯，或變得更流暢做作，或變得更客觀可靠，如斯等等。由於對原文中的 語言形式與主題意義的關係缺少認識，這一“改進”的結果則是在差别水平上造成文體價值 的缺損。要防止這樣的假象等值，就需要對原文進行深刻細緻的文體阐发，以掌握原文中語 言形式與主題意義的有機關聯。�因篇幅所限，在本文中我們僅舉了三個例子來說明文體分 析對於小說的主要性。筆者在《文壆文體壆與小說》(英文版，重印)一書中， 通過大批的例証，係統討論了文壆文體分析對於小說的作用。文體壆分析的次要做用就 是使者對小說中語言形式的美壆功能更為敏感，促使者利用功能等值的語言形式，防止 指稱對等帶來的文體損差。在小說中，我們應更為注重形式與內容的不可分離性，注重 形式本身所蘊涵的意義。應該說，小說中的良多問題能夠通過文體阐明得以有傚地解決 。筆者盼望小說理論和實踐事情者更為留意文壆文體壆的作用，也生机更多的文體壆傢 參與小說批評。

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拳拳�
原載 外語與年第期(總第 期)

(申丹：北京大壆英語係教学、博士生導師)�

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